Magill-Evans Joyce, Galambos Nancy, Darrah Johanna, Nickerson Christy
Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
Work. 2008;31(4):433-42.
To identify the personal, family, and community factors that facilitate or hinder employment for young adults with developmental motor disabilities.
Quantitative methods with an embedded qualitative component were used. Seventy-six persons between the ages of 20 and 30 years of age (Mean = 25, SD = 3.1) with a diagnosis of either cerebral palsy or spina bifida completed questionnaires addressing factors such as depression, and participated in a semi-structured interview that allowed participants to describe their experiences with education, employment, transportation, and other services.
Almost half of the participants (n = 35) were not currently employed. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that gender (females were less likely to be employed), IQ (lower IQ associated with unemployment), and transportation dependence accounted for 42% of the variance in employment. Themes emerging from content analysis of the interviews supported the findings related to transportation barriers. Social reactions to disability limited employment opportunities, and participants often felt stuck in terms of employment options with limited opportunities for advancement.
Transportation is a significant barrier to employment and innovative solutions are needed. Issues related to gender need to be considered when addressing employment inequities for persons with primarily motor disabilities.
确定促进或阻碍患有发育性运动障碍的年轻人就业的个人、家庭和社区因素。
采用带有嵌入式定性成分的定量方法。76名年龄在20至30岁之间（平均年龄=25岁，标准差=3.1岁）、被诊断患有脑瘫或脊柱裂的人完成了关于抑郁等因素的问卷调查，并参加了半结构化访谈，该访谈让参与者描述他们在教育、就业、交通和其他服务方面的经历。
近一半的参与者（n=35）目前没有工作。分层回归分析表明，性别（女性就业可能性较低）、智商（智商较低与失业相关）和交通依赖占就业差异的42%。访谈内容分析中出现的主题支持了与交通障碍相关的研究结果。社会对残疾的反应限制了就业机会，参与者在就业选择方面往往感到受限，晋升机会有限。
交通是就业的重大障碍，需要创新解决方案。在解决主要患有运动障碍者的就业不平等问题时，需要考虑与性别相关的问题。
