Clougherty Jane E
Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
Cien Saude Colet. 2011 Apr;16(4):2221-38. doi: 10.1590/s1413-81232011000400021.
Epidemiologic studies of air pollution effects on respiratory health report significant modification by sex, although results are not uniform. Importantly, it remains unclear whether modifications are attributable to socially derived gendered exposures, to sex-linked physiological differences, or to some interplay thereof. Gender analysis, which aims to disaggregate social from biological differences between males and females, may help to elucidate these possible sources of effect modification. Studies of children suggest stronger effects among boys in early life and among girls in later childhood. The qualitative review describes possible sources of difference in air pollution response between women and men, which may vary by life stage, coexposures, hormonal status, or other factors. The sources of observed effect modifications remain unclear, although gender analytic approaches may help to disentangle gender and sex differences in pollution response. A framework for incorporating gender analysis into environmental epidemiology is offered, along with several potentially useful methods from gender analysis.
关于空气污染对呼吸道健康影响的流行病学研究报告称，性别对其有显著影响，尽管结果并不一致。重要的是，目前尚不清楚这些影响是归因于社会衍生的性别暴露、与性别相关的生理差异，还是两者之间的某种相互作用。旨在区分男性和女性社会差异与生物差异的性别分析，可能有助于阐明这些可能的效应修饰来源。对儿童的研究表明，早年男孩和童年后期女孩受到的影响更强。定性综述描述了男性和女性在空气污染反应中可能存在差异的来源，这些差异可能因生命阶段、共同暴露、激素状态或其他因素而有所不同。尽管性别分析方法可能有助于厘清污染反应中的性别差异，但观察到的效应修饰来源仍不清楚。本文提供了一个将性别分析纳入环境流行病学的框架，以及一些来自性别分析的潜在有用方法。
