Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, D-40225 Düsseldorf, Germany.
J Biol Chem. 2011 Jul 8;286(27):24113-24. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M111.235275. Epub 2011 May 17.
In LPS-treated macrophages, activation of STAT3 is considered to be crucial for terminating the production of inflammatory cytokines. By analyzing the role of MAPK-activated protein kinase (MK) 2 and MK3 for LPS-induced STAT3 activation in macrophages, the present study provides evidence that MK2 is crucial for STAT3 activation in response to LPS because it prevents MK3 from impeding IFNβ gene expression. Accordingly, LPS-induced IFNβ gene expression is down-regulated in MK2-deficient macrophages and can be reconstituted by additional ablation of the MK3 gene in MK2/3(-/-) macrophages. This is in contrast to LPS-induced IL-10 expression, which essentially requires the presence of MK2. Further analysis of downstream signaling events involved in the transcriptional regulation of IFNβ gene expression suggests that, in the absence of MK2, MK3 impairs interferon regulatory factor 3 protein expression and activation and inhibits nuclear translocation of p65. This inhibition of p65 nuclear translocation coincides with enhanced expression and delayed degradation of IκBβ, whereas expression of IκBα mRNA and protein is impaired in the absence of MK2. The observation that siRNA directed against IκBβ is able to reconstitute IκBα expression in MK2(-/-) macrophages suggests that enhanced expression and delayed degradation of IκBβ and impaired NFκB-dependent IκBα expression are functionally linked. In summary, evidence is provided that MK2 regulates LPS-induced IFNβ expression and downstream STAT3 activation as it restrains MK3 from mediating negative regulatory effects on NFκB- and interferon regulatory factor 3-dependent LPS signaling.
在 LPS 处理的巨噬细胞中,STAT3 的激活被认为对于终止炎症细胞因子的产生至关重要。通过分析丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(MAPK)激活的蛋白激酶 2(MK2)和 MK3 在巨噬细胞中 LPS 诱导的 STAT3 激活中的作用,本研究提供了证据表明 MK2 对于 LPS 诱导的 STAT3 激活至关重要,因为它阻止 MK3 阻碍 IFNβ 基因表达。因此,在 MK2 缺陷型巨噬细胞中,LPS 诱导的 IFNβ 基因表达下调,并且可以通过在 MK2/3(-/-)巨噬细胞中额外消融 MK3 基因来重建。这与 LPS 诱导的 IL-10 表达形成对比,后者基本上需要 MK2 的存在。对 IFNβ 基因表达的转录调控中涉及的下游信号事件的进一步分析表明,在缺乏 MK2 的情况下,MK3 损害干扰素调节因子 3 蛋白表达和激活,并抑制 p65 的核易位。MK2 缺乏时,MK3 抑制 p65 核易位与 IκBβ 的增强表达和延迟降解一致,而 IκBα mRNA 和蛋白的表达受损。在 MK2(-/-)巨噬细胞中,针对 IκBβ 的 siRNA 能够重建 IκBα 表达的观察表明,IκBβ 的增强表达和延迟降解以及 NFκB 依赖性 IκBα 表达受损在功能上是相关的。总之,有证据表明 MK2 通过抑制 MK3 介导 NFκB 和干扰素调节因子 3 依赖性 LPS 信号的负调节作用来调节 LPS 诱导的 IFNβ 表达和下游 STAT3 激活。