Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA.
Semin Neurol. 2011 Apr;31(2):216-25. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1277991. Epub 2011 May 17.
Brain injury continues to be a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in patients resuscitated after cardiac arrest. During periods of hypoxia and ischemia, numerous mechanisms contribute to the initial and secondary injury of the brain. Though many drugs and therapies have been evaluated for neuroprotection, only therapeutic hypothermia has been proven to be effective. Accurate prognostication after cardiac arrest is essential, and can be achieved with careful neurologic examination and several ancillary tests utilizing neurophysiology, neuroimaging, and biochemistry. Practice guidelines are now available for prognostication and postresuscitation care, with emphasis on improving survival and quality of life. Also reviewed are a wide spectrum of postarrest neurologic complications and their targeted treatments.
脑损伤仍然是心肺复苏后患者死亡和发病的主要原因。在缺氧和缺血期间，许多机制导致脑的初始和继发性损伤。尽管已经评估了许多药物和疗法用于神经保护，但只有治疗性低温已被证明是有效的。心肺复苏后准确的预后是至关重要的，可以通过仔细的神经系统检查和利用神经生理学、神经影像学和生物化学的几种辅助测试来实现。现在有用于预后和复苏后护理的实践指南，重点是提高生存率和生活质量。还回顾了广泛的心肺复苏后神经并发症及其针对性治疗。
