Department of Cardiac Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Can J Cardiol. 2011 May-Jun;27(3):389.e1-10. doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2010.12.072.
Our objective was to demonstrate wave propagation and reflection in the canine aorta. Recently we proposed that aortic pressure is the instantaneous sum of wave-related or "excess" pressure and reservoir or windkessel pressure. Accordingly, in this research we calculated reservoir pressure and subtracted it from measured pressure to identify the change in pressure due to forward- or backward-travelling waves.
In 8 anesthetized dogs, excess pressures were calculated from pressure and flow measurements at 4 locations along the aorta; wave intensity analysis was employed to identify wavefronts and the type of waves.
We found that forward compression and decompression waves generated by the left ventricle are reflected, first, from a negative or "open-end" reflection site near the renal arteries (32.0 ± 0.8 cm [SEM] from the aortic root) and, second, from a positive site in the femoral arteries (65.3 ± 2.8 cm or 54.9 ± 2.1 cm, based on 2 alternative extrapolation techniques).
Aortic wave propagation and reflection can be demonstrated clearly and directly by wave intensity analysis after volume-related changes-changes in reservoir or windkessel pressure-in aortic pressure are accounted for.
我们的目的是展示犬主动脉中的波传播和反射。最近我们提出，主动脉压是波相关或“过剩”压和储器或血腔压的瞬时总和。因此，在这项研究中，我们计算了储器压，并从测量压中减去它，以确定由于正向或反向传播波引起的压力变化。
在 8 只麻醉犬中，从主动脉上 4 个位置的压力和流量测量值计算出过剩压力；采用波强分析来识别波前和波的类型。
我们发现，由左心室产生的正向压缩和减压波首先从肾动脉附近的负或“开放式”反射部位（距主动脉根部 32.0 ± 0.8 cm [SEM]）反射，然后从股动脉的正部位反射（65.3 ± 2.8 cm 或 54.9 ± 2.1 cm，基于 2 种替代外推技术）。
通过波强分析，可以清楚直接地展示主动脉波传播和反射，前提是在考虑到与容积相关的变化（即储器或血腔压的变化）后，主动脉压中的波相关变化得到解释。
