Gerrish Stephen T, Smith James W
Department of Gastroenterology/Hepatology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA.
Ochsner J. 2008 Winter;8(4):197-204.
Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are rare but are the most common mesenchymal tumor in the gastrointestinal tract. They arise from a precursor cell in the myenteric plexus, and most tumors express a characteristic CD117 antigen, which is part of a tyrosine kinase receptor. This finding has led to the development of novel chemotherapeutic agents targeted at these receptors and has revolutionized the treatment of these tumors, which had been historically disappointing. Surgery is recommended for tumors >2 cm in size and even has a role in metastatic disease. The approach to tumors <2 cm in size is more controversial, as these lesions tend to be less aggressive, but the true malignant potential of GISTs can only be determined by surgical resection and histologic evaluation.
胃肠道间质瘤（GISTs）虽罕见，但却是胃肠道最常见的间叶性肿瘤。它们起源于肌间神经丛中的前体细胞，大多数肿瘤表达一种特征性的CD117抗原，该抗原是酪氨酸激酶受体的一部分。这一发现促使了针对这些受体的新型化疗药物的研发，并彻底改变了这些肿瘤的治疗方式，而在此之前其治疗效果一直令人失望。对于直径大于2厘米的肿瘤，建议进行手术治疗，甚至手术在转移性疾病中也能发挥作用。对于直径小于2厘米的肿瘤，治疗方法更具争议性，因为这些病变往往侵袭性较小，但GISTs的真正恶性潜能只能通过手术切除和组织学评估来确定。
