Department of Counselor Education, Counseling Psychology, and Rehabilitation Services, Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA.
Psychotherapy (Chic). 2011 Dec;48(4):322-9. doi: 10.1037/a0023134. Epub 2011 May 23.
Therapist self-disclosure has been theorized and found to have both positive and negative effects. These effects depend, in part, on the nature of the disclosure. This study sought to examine the differential effects of therapist disclosures of more and less resolved countertransference issues on perceptions of therapists and therapy sessions. Using an analogue method, undergraduate participants (N = 116) were randomly assigned to watch one of two videos in which a therapist disclosed personal issues that were relatively resolved or relatively unresolved. As hypothesized, therapist disclosure of issues that were more resolved caused the therapist to be rated as more attractive and trustworthy and instilled greater hope than therapist disclosure of less resolved issues. The type of therapist disclosure, however, did not affect ratings of the expertness of the therapist, the depth or smoothness of the session, or the perceived universality between client and therapist. Implications of the results for the judicious use of self-disclosure are discussed.
治疗师的自我表露已被理论化并被发现具有正反两方面的影响。这些影响在一定程度上取决于披露的性质。本研究旨在探讨治疗师更充分和不充分地表达反移情问题对治疗师和治疗过程的看法的不同影响。研究采用模拟方法，将本科生参与者（N=116）随机分配观看两段视频中的一段，其中一位治疗师披露了相对解决和相对未解决的个人问题。正如假设的那样，治疗师对更充分解决的问题的披露会使治疗师被评为更有吸引力和值得信赖，并比治疗师对不充分解决的问题的披露更能激发希望。然而，治疗师的自我表露类型并不影响对治疗师专业能力、治疗过程的深度或流畅性，以及来访者和治疗师之间的普遍性的评价。讨论了对自我表露的明智使用的结果的影响。
