Smith Kelly A, Hao Jinsong, Li S Kevin
Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45267.
J Pharm Sci. 2011 Oct;100(10):4244-57. doi: 10.1002/jps.22590. Epub 2011 May 23.
The effects of organic solvent systems on nail hydration and permeability have not been well studied. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the effects of binary aqueous organic solvent systems of ethanol (EtOH), propylene glycol (PPG), and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG) on the barrier properties of nail plates. (3) H-water, (14) C-urea, and (14) C-tetraethylammonium ions were the probes in the nail uptake and transport experiments to study the effect(s) of organic solvents on nail hydration and permeability. Gravimetric studies were also performed as a secondary method to study nail hydration and the reversibility of the nail after organic solvent treatments. Both ungual uptake and transport were directly related to the concentration of the organic solvent in the binary systems. Partitioning of the probes into and transport across the nail decreased with an increase in the organic solvent concentration. These changes corresponded to the changes in solution viscosity and the barrier properties of the nail. In general, the effects for PPG and PEG were more pronounced than those for EtOH. Practically, these results suggest that organic solvents in formulations can increase nail barrier resistivity.
有机溶剂体系对指甲水合作用和渗透性的影响尚未得到充分研究。本研究的目的是探讨乙醇（EtOH）、丙二醇（PPG）和聚乙二醇400（PEG）的二元水有机溶剂体系对指甲板屏障性能的影响。（3）H-水、（14）C-尿素和（14）C-四乙铵离子是指甲摄取和转运实验中的探针，用于研究有机溶剂对指甲水合作用和渗透性的影响。重量法研究也作为一种辅助方法进行，以研究指甲水合作用以及有机溶剂处理后指甲的可逆性。指甲摄取和转运均与二元体系中有机溶剂的浓度直接相关。随着有机溶剂浓度的增加，探针在指甲中的分配和穿过指甲的转运减少。这些变化与溶液粘度和指甲屏障性能的变化相对应。一般来说，PPG和PEG的影响比EtOH更明显。实际上，这些结果表明配方中的有机溶剂可增加指甲屏障电阻。
