KLE University's College of Pharmacy, Bangalore, India.
Drug Dev Ind Pharm. 2012 Aug;38(8):901-11. doi: 10.3109/03639045.2011.637931. Epub 2011 Dec 10.
Topical therapy is desirable in treatment of nail diseases like onychomycosis (fungal infection of nail) and psoriasis. The topical treatment avoids the adverse effects associated with systemic therapy, thereby enhancing the patient compliance and reducing the treatment cost. However the effectiveness of the topical therapies has been limited due to the poor permeability of the nail plate to topically applied therapeutic agents. Research over the past one decade has been focused on improving the transungual permeability by means of chemical treatment, penetration enhancers, mechanical and physical methods. The present review is an attempt to discuss the different physical and chemical methods employed to increase the permeability of the nail plate. Minimally invasive electrically mediated techniques such as iontophoresis have gained success in facilitating the transungual delivery of actives. In addition drug transport across the nail plate has been improved by filing the dorsal surface of the nail plate prior to application of topical formulation. But attempts to improve the trans-nail permeation using transdermal chemical enhancers have failed so far. Attempts are on to search suitable physical enhancement techniques and chemical transungual enhancers in view to maximize the drug delivery across the nail plate.
局部治疗在治疗指甲疾病方面是可取的，如甲真菌病（指甲真菌感染）和银屑病。局部治疗可避免与全身治疗相关的不良反应，从而提高患者的依从性并降低治疗成本。然而，由于指甲板对局部应用的治疗剂的渗透性差，局部治疗的效果受到限制。过去十年的研究一直集中在通过化学处理、渗透增强剂、机械和物理方法来改善透甲性能。本综述试图讨论用于增加指甲板渗透性的不同物理和化学方法。微创电介导技术，如离子电渗疗法，在促进活性物质经皮给药方面取得了成功。此外，通过在应用局部制剂之前锉磨指甲板的背表面，也可以改善药物在指甲板中的传输。但迄今为止，试图使用透皮化学增强剂来改善透甲渗透的尝试都失败了。目前正在寻找合适的物理增强技术和透甲化学增强剂，以最大限度地提高药物在指甲板中的传递。
