Mayeuf Alicia, Relaix Frédéric
CNRS URA 2578, département de biologie du développement, Institut Pasteur, 25, rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
Med Sci (Paris). 2011 May;27(5):521-6. doi: 10.1051/medsci/2011275018. Epub 2011 May 25.
In vertebrates, skeletal muscle is derived from mesodermal structures called somites. Myogenic progenitor cells that form skeletal muscles of the trunk and limbs are derived from the dermomyotome, the dorsal region of the somite. These cells enter the myogenic program by activating a set of four myogenic regulatory factors. During embryonic and fetal growth, muscle progenitor cells provide the source for muscle growth. Around birth, the muscle progenitor enters quiescence, and adopts a satellite cell position on muscle fibers, providing a pool of adult muscle stem cells. They are essential for the growth and regeneration of muscles. Among the mechanisms that control the maintenance of satellite cells properties, the Notch pathway plays a crucial role. In facts, this pathway is implicated from the early steps of somitogenesis and the development of skeletal muscles in the embryo. Furthermore, during ageing, Notch activity decreases which results in decreased muscle regeneration. Thus, the Notch pathway is a key regulator of muscle plasticity.
在脊椎动物中，骨骼肌起源于称为体节的中胚层结构。形成躯干和四肢骨骼肌的成肌祖细胞来源于体节的背侧区域——皮肌节。这些细胞通过激活一组四个成肌调节因子进入成肌程序。在胚胎和胎儿生长期间，肌肉祖细胞为肌肉生长提供来源。出生前后，肌肉祖细胞进入静止状态，并在肌纤维上占据卫星细胞位置，形成成人肌肉干细胞库。它们对肌肉的生长和再生至关重要。在控制卫星细胞特性维持的机制中，Notch信号通路起着关键作用。事实上，该信号通路在体节发生的早期阶段以及胚胎骨骼肌的发育过程中就已涉及。此外，在衰老过程中，Notch活性降低，导致肌肉再生能力下降。因此，Notch信号通路是肌肉可塑性的关键调节因子。
