Schappert Susan M, Rechtsteiner Elizabeth A
Division of Health Statistics, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, Hyattsville, MD 20782, USA.
Vital Health Stat 13. 2011 Apr(169):1-38.
This report presents statistics on ambulatory care visits to physician offices, hospital outpatient departments (OPDs), and hospital emergency departments (EDs) in the United States in 2007. Ambulatory medical care utilization is described in terms of patient, provider, and visit characteristics.
Data from the 2007 National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey and National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey were combined to produce annual estimates of ambulatory medical care utilization.
Patients in the United States made an estimated 1.2 billion visits to physician offices and hospital OPDs and EDs, a rate of 405.0 visits per 100 persons annually. This was not significantly different than the rate of 381.9 visits per 100 persons in 2006, neither were significant differences found in overall visit rates by age, sex, or geographic region. Visit distribution by ambulatory care setting differed by poverty level in the patient's ZIP Code of residence, with higher proportions of visits to hospital OPDs and EDs as poverty levels increased. Between 1997 and 2007, the age-adjusted visit rate increased by 11 percent, fueled mainly by a 29 percent increase in the visit rate to medical specialty offices. Nonillness and noninjury conditions, such as general and prenatal exams, accounted for the largest percentage of ambulatory care diagnoses in 2007, about 19 per 100 visits. Seven of 10 ambulatory care visits had at least one medication provided, prescribed, or continued in 2007, for a total of 2.7 billion drugs overall. These were not significantly different than 2006 figures. Analgesics were the most common therapeutic category, accounting for 13.1 drugs per 100 drugs reported, and were most often utilized at primary care and ED visits. The number of viral vaccines that were ordered or provided increased by 79 percent, from 33.2 million occurrences in 2006 to 59.3 million in 2007; significant increases were also noted for anticonvulsants and antiemetics.
本报告提供了2007年美国门诊医疗就诊情况的统计数据，包括就诊于医生办公室、医院门诊部（OPD）和医院急诊科（ED）的情况。门诊医疗利用情况从患者、医疗服务提供者和就诊特征等方面进行了描述。
将2007年国家门诊医疗调查和国家医院门诊医疗调查的数据合并，以得出门诊医疗利用情况的年度估计值。
美国患者估计就诊于医生办公室、医院门诊部和急诊科的次数达12亿次，即每年每100人就诊405.0次。这与2006年每100人就诊381.9次的比率没有显著差异，在按年龄、性别或地理区域划分的总体就诊率方面也未发现显著差异。按门诊医疗场所划分的就诊分布因患者居住邮政编码地区的贫困水平而异，随着贫困水平的增加，就诊于医院门诊部和急诊科的比例更高。1997年至2007年期间，年龄调整后的就诊率上升了11%，主要是由于就诊于医学专科办公室的比率上升了29%。非疾病和非损伤情况，如常规检查和产前检查，在2007年门诊医疗诊断中占比最大，约每100次就诊中有19次。2007年，十分之七的门诊医疗就诊至少有一种药物被提供、开处方或续用，总计27亿剂药物。这些与2006年的数据没有显著差异。镇痛药是最常见的治疗类别，每100种报告的药物中有13.1剂，且在初级保健和急诊科就诊时使用最为频繁。订购或提供的病毒疫苗数量增加了79%，从2006年的3320万剂增加到2007年的5930万剂；抗惊厥药和止吐药的数量也显著增加。
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