Lowry C A, Deviche P, Moore F L
Department of Zoology, Oregon State University, Corvallis 97331.
Brain Res. 1990 Apr 9;513(1):94-100. doi: 10.1016/0006-8993(90)91093-v.
Male rough-skinned newts (Taricha granulosa) were used as a model for the study of the neuroendocrine regulation of locomotion. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injections of nanogram quantities of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) dose-dependently increased locomotion as measured in a circular open-field test arena. In other studies animals received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of saline or naloxone, a synthetic opioid antagonist, followed by i.c.v. injections of saline or CRF. With 1-min intervals between injections, neither i.p. saline nor naloxone injections modified the stimulatory effects of CRF injections on locomotor activity. In contrast, with 20-min intervals between injections, the naloxone-plus-CRF injected newts displayed more locomotor activity than the saline-plus-CRF injected newts, suggesting that the opioid system modulated the behavioral effects of CRF. An i.p. injection of bremazocine, an opiate kappa-receptor agonist, suppressed spontaneous locomotion but not CRF-induced locomotion. In contrast, an i.p. injection of morphine, an opiate mu-receptor agonist, did not affect spontaneous locomotion but reduced CRF-induced locomotion, indicating further that the opioid system may modulate the behavioral effects of CRF in this amphibian. The present study provides the first evidence that both CRF and opioids may be involved in the regulation of amphibian locomotor activity.
雄性粗皮蝾螈（Taricha granulosa）被用作研究运动神经内分泌调节的模型。在圆形旷场试验场地中测量发现，脑室内（i.c.v.）注射纳克量的促肾上腺皮质激素释放因子（CRF）可剂量依赖性地增加运动。在其他研究中，动物接受腹腔内（i.p.）注射生理盐水或合成阿片类拮抗剂纳洛酮，随后进行脑室内注射生理盐水或CRF。注射间隔为1分钟时，腹腔内注射生理盐水或纳洛酮均未改变CRF注射对运动活动的刺激作用。相比之下，注射间隔为20分钟时，注射纳洛酮加CRF的蝾螈比注射生理盐水加CRF的蝾螈表现出更多的运动活动，这表明阿片系统调节了CRF的行为效应。腹腔内注射阿片κ受体激动剂布马佐辛可抑制自发运动，但不影响CRF诱导的运动。相反，腹腔内注射阿片μ受体激动剂吗啡不影响自发运动，但可降低CRF诱导的运动，这进一步表明阿片系统可能调节这种两栖动物中CRF的行为效应。本研究提供了首个证据，表明CRF和阿片类物质可能都参与了两栖动物运动活动的调节。
