UMR 7200 UDS/CNRS, Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Pharmacie, 74 route du Rhin, Illkirch, France.
Biochimie. 2011 Dec;93(12):2029-37. doi: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.05.003. Epub 2011 May 19.
Cells use intracellular free calcium concentration changes for signaling. Signal encoding occurs through both spatial and temporal modulation of the free calcium concentration. The encoded message is detected by an ensemble of intracellular sensors forming the family of calcium-binding proteins (CaBPs) which must faithfully translate the message using a new syntax that is recognized by the cell. The cell is home to a significant although limited number of genes coding for proteins involved in the signal encoding and decoding processes. In a cell, only a subset of this ensemble of genes is expressed, leading to a genetic regulation of the calcium signal pathways. Calmodulin (CaM), the most ubiquitous expressed intracellular calcium-binding protein, plays a major role in calcium signal translation. Similar to a hub, it is central to a large and finely tuned network, receiving information, integrating it and dispatching the cognate response. In this review, we examine the different steps starting with an external stimulus up to a cellular response, with special emphasis on CaM and the mechanism by which it decodes calcium signals and translates it into exquisitely coordinated cellular events. By this means, we will revisit the calcium signaling semantics, hoping that we will ease communication between scientists dealing with calcium signals in different biological systems and different domains.
细胞利用细胞内游离钙离子浓度变化进行信号传递。信号编码通过游离钙离子浓度的空间和时间调制来实现。编码后的信息由一组形成钙结合蛋白（CaBP）家族的细胞内传感器检测，该家族的传感器必须使用细胞识别的新语法来准确地翻译信息。细胞内编码和解码信号过程涉及的蛋白的基因数量虽然有限，但种类繁多。在细胞中，只有该基因集合的一个子集表达，从而导致钙信号通路的遗传调控。钙调蛋白（CaM）是表达最广泛的细胞内钙离子结合蛋白，在钙信号转导中起着重要作用。类似于枢纽，它是一个大型精细调节网络的核心，接收信息、整合信息并发出相应的反应。在这篇综述中，我们从外部刺激开始检查不同的步骤，直到细胞反应，特别强调 CaM 及其解码钙信号并将其转化为协调精细的细胞事件的机制。通过这种方式，我们将重新审视钙信号语义，希望能够促进在不同生物系统和不同领域处理钙信号的科学家之间的交流。
