Zoophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2011 Jul;202(3):593-600. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02315.x. Epub 2011 May 27.
The mechanisms governing pulmonary gas exchange were heavily debated at the start of the 20th century when Christian Bohr provided measurements of lung and blood gases as well as rational arguments in favour of oxygen being secreted actively from the lung gas to the blood within vertebrate lungs. The concept of active transport was studied by August Krogh in his doctoral dissertation on the partitioning of gas exchange in frogs. In later studies, where Marie and August Krogh provided conclusive evidence that pulmonary gas exchange occurs by diffusion and diffusion alone, the turtle lungs provided an important tool to investigate the role of perfusion in pulmonary gas exchange. Here, I review the early Bohr and Krogh studies on pulmonary and cutaneous gas exchange in frogs as well as the experimental studies on gas exchange and its possible autonomic regulation in turtles. The results are discussed within the context of recent studies on the cardiorespiratory physiology of frogs and turtles.
20 世纪初，肺气体交换的机制曾引发激烈的争论。当时克里斯蒂安·波（Christian Bohr）提供了肺部和血液气体的测量数据，并从理论上论证了氧气在脊椎动物肺部中从肺气体主动分泌到血液中的观点。主动运输的概念是由奥古斯特·克罗（August Krogh）在其关于青蛙气体交换分区的博士论文中进行研究的。在后来的研究中，玛丽和奥古斯特·克罗（Marie and August Krogh）提供了确凿的证据，证明肺气体交换是通过扩散而发生的，而不是其他机制。在这些研究中，海龟的肺部为研究灌注在肺气体交换中的作用提供了一个重要的工具。在这里，我回顾了早期波（Bohr）和克罗（Krogh）在青蛙的肺和皮肤气体交换方面的研究，以及在海龟的气体交换及其可能的自主调节方面的实验研究。本文将讨论这些结果，并将其置于最近对青蛙和海龟的心肺生理学研究的背景下进行分析。
