Naticchia Alessandro, Ferraro Pietro Manuel, D'Alonzo Silvia, Gambaro Giovanni
Divisione di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Complesso Integrato Columbus-Policlinico Gemelli, Universita' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Roma, Italy.
G Ital Nefrol. 2011 May-Jun;28(3):305-13.
Hyponatremia is one of the most frequent ion and water disorders. It is generally due to disproportionate renal water retention. Severe hyponatremia (<125 mEq/L) is associated with well-known clinical symptoms and manifestations. However, even mild reductions in sodium blood levels have been shown to be associated with increased mortality and with the risk of falls and fractures. The diagnosis of hyponatremia, although requiring simple clinical and laboratory tests, may be complex and difficult. Treatment should be tailored to the clinical manifestations and severity of hyponatremia. Vaptans may be used in euvolemic or hypervolemic hyponatremia and particularly in SIADH.
低钠血症是最常见的离子和水代谢紊乱之一。它通常是由于肾脏对水的潴留不成比例所致。严重低钠血症（<125 mEq/L）与众所周知的临床症状和表现相关。然而，即使血钠水平轻度降低也已被证明与死亡率增加以及跌倒和骨折风险相关。低钠血症的诊断虽然需要简单的临床和实验室检查，但可能复杂且困难。治疗应根据低钠血症的临床表现和严重程度进行调整。血管加压素受体拮抗剂可用于等容性或高容性低钠血症，尤其是抗利尿激素分泌异常综合征。
