Department of Sociology and Criminology and Law and Center for European Studies, University of Florida, USA.
Br J Sociol. 2011 Jun;62(2):221-40. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-4446.2011.01362.x.
This study uses variations in the legal-institutional frameworks of citizenship to explore cross-nationally public views about granting equal rights to legal immigrants and citizenship status to second-generation immigrants in 20 European countries. We link the literatures on citizenship regimes and attitudes toward immigrants to construct a conceptual model that is tested using ISSP data from 2003 and a set of matching contextual measures. Results from hierarchical linear regression analyses indicate that (1) opposition to the extension of rights to legal immigrants is augmented by shorter periods of required residency for naturalization and (2) granting citizenship status to second-generation immigrants is not sensitive to whether a regime consents or not to citizenship by birth. Net of individual and contextual controls, the findings also show that resistance to the expansion of rights to legal immigrants is higher in countries consenting to dual citizenship. Furthermore, our analyses reveal that Eastern European respondents do not differ significantly from their Western counterparts with respect to extending rights to either category of immigrants. These results are discussed in reference to the diversity of citizenship regimes in Europe and in light of the existing debates on harmonizing immigration policies.
本研究利用公民身份的法律制度框架的差异，探讨了 20 个欧洲国家在赋予合法移民平等权利和给予第二代移民公民身份方面的跨国公众观点。我们将公民身份制度和对移民的态度文献联系起来，构建了一个概念模型，并用 2003 年的国际社会调查项目（ISSP）数据和一系列匹配的背景措施进行了检验。层次线性回归分析的结果表明：（1）入籍所需居住年限较短会加剧对扩大合法移民权利的反对；（2）授予第二代移民公民身份与制度是否同意出生即获得公民身份无关。在个人和背景控制之外，研究结果还表明，在允许双重国籍的国家，对扩大合法移民权利的抵制更为强烈。此外，我们的分析表明，东欧受访者在扩大这两类移民的权利方面与西方受访者没有显著差异。这些结果在参考欧洲多样化的公民身份制度以及考虑到关于协调移民政策的现有辩论的情况下进行了讨论。
