Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
J Anxiety Disord. 2011 Oct;25(7):903-10. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.05.002. Epub 2011 May 13.
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) may produce internal "threats to the self," which generate shame. Shame is theoretically and empirically linked to intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration. We examined relations among PTSD, cognitive processing of shame-relevant information, and IPV perpetration. Forty-seven community participants completed an emotional Stroop task with shame-relevant and neutral words. Stimuli were presented supraliminally (i.e., until vocal response) and subliminally (i.e., below an individualized threshold of conscious awareness). Facilitated color-naming of shame-relevant words (thought to reflect congruence between shame and self-schemas) mediated the relation between PTSD severity and IPV perpetration frequency. Mediation results for subliminal stimuli suggest that biased processing of shame cues may occur preconsciously and potentially catalyze processes (i.e., expectations of rejection in ambiguous situations with one's partner; avoidance that minimizes discomfort and protects self-image) that lead to IPV perpetration. Psychotherapeutic approaches to PTSD and IPV should consider the role of facilitated processing of shame cues.
创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）可能会产生内部“自我威胁”，从而产生羞耻感。理论和实证研究都表明，羞耻感与亲密伴侣暴力（IPV）的实施有关。我们研究了 PTSD、与羞耻相关信息的认知加工以及 IPV 实施之间的关系。47 名社区参与者完成了一项与羞耻相关和中性词汇的情绪 Stroop 任务。刺激以超阈限（即，直到发声反应）和阈下（即，低于个体意识阈限）呈现。与羞耻相关的词汇的颜色命名（被认为反映了羞耻与自我图式之间的一致性）促进了 PTSD 严重程度与 IPV 实施频率之间的关系。对于阈下刺激的中介效应表明，对羞耻线索的偏见处理可能发生在潜意识中，并可能促进导致 IPV 实施的过程（即在与伴侣的模棱两可的情况下预期被拒绝；为了最小化不适和保护自我形象而回避）。针对 PTSD 和 IPV 的心理治疗方法应该考虑促进对羞耻线索的处理的作用。
