Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
Semin Radiat Oncol. 2011 Jul;21(3):228-33. doi: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2011.02.009.
There are 2 approaches to preoperative therapy. Short-course (25 Gy in 5 fractions) radiation and long-course (50.4 Gy in 28 fractions) radiation combined with chemotherapy (CMT). Although short-course radiation therapy is used in some European countries, it is not favored in all European countries or North America. Unlike long-course CMT, it cannot be safely combined with adequate doses of systemic concurrent chemotherapy, and, as currently designed, it does not increase sphincter preservation. Long-course CMT remains the preferred regimen for cT3 and/or node-positive disease. With parallel advances in staging, surgery, systemic therapy, and molecular markers, more selective approaches are being investigated.
术前治疗有 2 种方法。短程（25 Gy 分 5 次）放疗和长程（50.4 Gy 分 28 次）放疗联合化疗（CMT）。虽然短程放疗在一些欧洲国家使用，但并非所有欧洲国家或北美国家都赞成。与长程 CMT 不同，它不能与足够剂量的全身同期化疗安全结合，并且按照目前的设计，它不能增加括约肌保留。长程 CMT 仍然是 cT3 和/或淋巴结阳性疾病的首选方案。随着分期、手术、全身治疗和分子标志物的平行进展，正在研究更具选择性的方法。
