Chudasama Rajesh K, Patel Umed V, Verma Pramod B, Amin Chikitsa D, Savaria Dinkar, Ninama Rakesh, Fichadiya Nilesh
Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat, India.
Lung India. 2011 Jan;28(1):11-6. doi: 10.4103/0970-2113.76294.
The first case of 2009 pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in India was reported in May, 2009 and in Saurashtra region in August, 2009. We describe the clinico-epidemiological characteristics of patients who were hospitalized with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) infection in Saurashtra region.
From September, 2009 to February, 2010, we observed 274 persons infected with 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus who were admitted in different hospitals in Rajkot city. Real-time reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-reaction (RT-PCR) testing was used to confirm infection; the clinico-epidemiological features of the disease were closely monitored.
Of 274 patients, median age was 29.5 years, and 51.5% were males. Only 1.1% patients had recent travel history to infected region. Median time of five days was observed from onset of illness to influenza A (H1N1) diagnosis, while median time of six days reported for hospital stay. All admitted patients received oseltamivir drug, but only 16.1% received it within two days of onset of illness. One fourth of admitted patients were expired. The most common symptoms were cough (96.7%), fever (92%), sore throat and shortness of breathing, and coexisting conditions including diabetes mellitus (9.9%), hypertension (8.8%), chronic pulmonary diseases (5.5%) and pregnancy (5.5%) (P<0.05). Pneumonia was reported in 93% patients with chest radiography.
We have demonstrated that infection-related illness affects both children and adults with survival of 74% patients. The median time from onset of illness to virus detection with use of real-time RT-PCR is five days. Pregnancy is found as a significant (P<0.05) risk factor for severe disease.
2009年5月印度报告了首例2009年甲型H1N1流感病毒感染病例，2009年8月在索拉什特拉地区也有相关病例报告。我们描述了索拉什特拉地区因2009年甲型H1N1流感感染住院患者的临床流行病学特征。
2009年9月至2010年2月，我们观察了274例感染2009年甲型H1N1流感病毒的患者，他们被收治于拉杰果德市的不同医院。采用实时逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）检测来确诊感染；对该疾病的临床流行病学特征进行密切监测。
274例患者中，年龄中位数为29.5岁，男性占51.5%。仅有1.1%的患者近期有前往感染地区的旅行史。从发病到甲型H1N1流感确诊的中位时间为5天，而住院中位时间为6天。所有入院患者均接受了奥司他韦治疗，但仅有16.1%的患者在发病后两天内接受了该治疗。四分之一的入院患者死亡。最常见的症状为咳嗽（96.7%）、发热（92%）、咽痛和呼吸急促，并存疾病包括糖尿病（9.9%）、高血压（8.8%）、慢性肺部疾病（5.5%）和妊娠（5.5%）（P<0.05）。胸部X线检查显示93%的患者患有肺炎。
我们已证明感染相关疾病对儿童和成人均有影响，患者生存率为74%。使用实时RT-PCR从发病到病毒检测的中位时间为5天。妊娠被发现是重症疾病的一个显著（P<0.05）危险因素。
