Lewis M J
Department of Psychology, Howard University, Washington, DC 20059.
Adv Alcohol Subst Abuse. 1990;9(1-2):47-66. doi: 10.1300/J251v09n01_04.
This chapter examines positive and negative reinforcement mechanisms which play a significant role in alcohol abuse and alcoholism. Consideration is given to the role of euphoria and anxiolytic effects of alcohol as the basis of positive reinforcement, and physical dependence and aversive consequence of drinking as the basis of negative reinforcement. The motivational significance of each of these is discussed with respect to various animal models of addiction and clinical and human research. Brain neurochemistry, neuropharmacology and genetic research data are evaluated from the perspective of reinforcement mechanisms involved with alcohol addiction.
本章探讨了在酒精滥用和酒精中毒中起重要作用的正性和负性强化机制。考虑了酒精的欣快感和抗焦虑作用作为正性强化的基础，以及饮酒的身体依赖性和厌恶后果作为负性强化的基础。针对各种成瘾动物模型以及临床和人体研究，讨论了其中每一种的动机意义。从与酒精成瘾相关的强化机制角度评估了脑神经化学、神经药理学和遗传学研究数据。
