生物标签——一种分析和记录机动车事故致伤原因的新方法。

BioTab--a new method for analyzing and documenting injury causation in motor-vehicle crashes.

机构信息

The University of Michigan, Transportation Research Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109–2150, USA.

出版信息

Traffic Inj Prev. 2011 Jun;12(3):256-65. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2011.560500.

DOI:10.1080/15389588.2011.560500

PMID:21660892

Abstract

OBJECTIVE

To describe a new method for analyzing and documenting the causes of injuries in motor vehicle crashes that has been implemented since 2005 in cases investigated by the Crash Injury Research Engineering Network (CIREN).

METHODS

The new method, called BioTab, documents injury causation using evidence from in-depth crash investigations. BioTab focuses on developing injury causation scenarios (ICSs) that document all factors considered essential for an injury to have occurred as well as factors that contributed to the likelihood and/or severity of an injury. The elements of an injury causation scenario are (1) the source of the energy that caused the injury, (2) involved physical components (IPCs) contacted by the occupant that are considered necessary for the injury to have occurred, (3) the body region or regions contacted by each IPC, (4) the internal paths between body regions contacted by IPCs and the injured body region, (5) critical intrusions of vehicle components, and (6) factors that contributed to the likelihood and/or the severity of injury.

RESULTS

Advantages of the BioTab method are that it attempts to identify all factors that cause or contribute to clinically significant injuries, allows for coding of scenarios where one injury causes another injury, associates injuries with a source of energy and allows injuries to be associated with sources of energy other than the crash, such as air bag deployment energy, allows for documenting scenarios where an injury was caused by two different body regions contacting two different IPCs, identifies and documents the evidence that supports ICSs and IPCs, assigns confidence levels to ICSs and IPCs based on available evidence, and documents body region and organ/component-level "injury mechanisms" and distinguishes these mechanisms from ICSs.

CONCLUSION

The BioTab method provides for methodical and thorough evidenced-based analysis and documentation of injury causation in motor vehicle crashes.

摘要

目的

描述一种自 2005 年以来在 Crash Injury Research Engineering Network（CIREN）调查的案例中实施的、用于分析和记录机动车事故损伤原因的新方法。

方法

新方法称为 BioTab，使用深入的事故调查证据来记录损伤原因。BioTab 专注于开发损伤原因场景（ICS），记录所有被认为对损伤发生至关重要的因素以及对损伤可能性和/或严重程度有影响的因素。损伤原因场景的要素包括：（1）导致损伤的能量来源；（2）与乘员接触的涉及物理组件（IPC），这些组件被认为是损伤发生的必要条件；（3）每个 IPC 接触的身体区域或区域；（4）IPC 接触的身体区域之间的内部路径；（5）车辆组件的关键侵入；（6）对损伤可能性和/或严重程度有影响的因素。

结果

BioTab 方法的优点是它试图识别导致或促成临床显著损伤的所有因素，允许对一个损伤导致另一个损伤的情况进行编码，将损伤与能量源相关联，并允许将损伤与碰撞以外的能量源相关联，如安全气囊展开能量，允许记录两个不同身体区域接触两个不同 IPC 导致损伤的情况，识别和记录支持 ICS 和 IPC 的证据，根据可用证据为 ICS 和 IPC 分配置信度，并记录支持 ICS 和 IPC 的证据，为 ICS 和 IPC 分配置信度，并记录身体区域和器官/组件级别的“损伤机制”，并将这些机制与 ICS 区分开来。