Department of Higher Plant Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Botany, University of Vienna, Rennweg 14, A-1030 Vienna, Austria; and.
Am J Bot. 2002 Dec;89(12):2024-33. doi: 10.3732/ajb.89.12.2024.
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) technique was applied to elucidate the glacial history of the alpine cushion plant Saponaria pumila in the European Alps. Special emphasis was given to a dense sampling of populations. Our data support a survival of S. pumila during the last ice age in at least three refugia, which are characterized by unique marker sets. Patterns of genetic diversity and divergence can be explained by survival in peripheral refugia and additional in situ survival within the ice sheet on peripheral nunataks. A nunatak survival in interior parts of the Alps needs not be postulated to explain our results. The level of genetic diversity is dramatically different between populations (Shannon's diversity index: 0.87-19.86). Some peripheral populations are characterized by a high number of rare fragments indicating long isolation, but not necessarily by a high level of genetic diversity. Parts of the present distributional area were recolonized via recent long-distance dispersal, leading to severely bottlenecked populations lacking private or rare fragments. The combination of our data with palaeogeological and palaeoclimatological evidence allows us to confine Pleistocene refugia to certain regions and to draw a detailed scenario of the glacial and postglacial history of S. pumila.
基于聚合酶链反应（PCR）的扩增片段长度多态性（AFLP）技术被应用于阐明欧洲阿尔卑斯山高山垫状植物肥皂草的冰川历史。特别强调了对种群的密集采样。我们的数据支持在至少三个避难所中存在肥皂草在末次冰期的生存，这些避难所具有独特的标记集。遗传多样性和分化的模式可以通过在边缘避难所中的生存和在冰盖内的边缘冰原上的原位生存来解释。不需要假设阿尔卑斯山内部地区的冰原生存来解释我们的结果。种群之间的遗传多样性水平差异很大（香农多样性指数：0.87-19.86）。一些边缘种群的特点是稀有片段数量多，表明长期隔离，但不一定具有高水平的遗传多样性。部分现有分布区是通过最近的长距离扩散重新殖民的，导致严重瓶颈的种群缺乏私有或稀有片段。将我们的数据与古地质和古气候证据相结合，使我们能够将更新世避难所限制在某些地区，并详细描绘肥皂草的冰川和冰后期历史。
