Department of Botany, Box 355325, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 USA.
Am J Bot. 2002 Jul;89(7):1093-102. doi: 10.3732/ajb.89.7.1093.
Chloroplast trnL/F and nuclear ribosomal ITS and ETS sequence data were used to analyze phylogenetic relationships among members of tribe Mimuleae (Scrophulariaceae) and other closely related families in Lamiales. The results of these analyses led to the following conclusions. (1) The Australian genera Glossostigma and Peplidium and the taxonomically isolated Phryma join four genera of tribe Mimuleae to form a well-supported clade that is distinct from other families in the Lamiales. We refer to that clade as the subfamily Phrymoideae. (2) The genera Mazus and Lancea (tribe Mimuleae) together form a well-supported clade that we recognize as the subfamily Mazoideae. Mazoideae is weakly supported as sister to Phrymoideae. We assign Mazoideae and Phrymoideae to a redefined family Phrymaceae. (3) Mimulus is not monophyletic, because members of at least six other genera have been derived from within it. In light of the molecular evidence, it is clear that species of Phrymaceae (about 190 species) have undergone two geographically distinct radiations; one in western North America (about 130 species) and another in Australia (about 30 species). Phylogenetic interpretations of morphological evolution and biogeographical patterns are discussed.
叶绿体 trnL/F 和核核糖体 ITS 和 ETS 序列数据被用于分析玄参科沟繁缕族（Scrophulariaceae）成员以及Lamiales 中其他近缘科的系统发育关系。这些分析的结果得出以下结论。(1) 澳大利亚属 Glossostigma 和 Peplidium 以及分类上孤立的 Phryma 与沟繁缕族的四个属一起形成一个支持良好的分支，与 Lamiales 中的其他科明显不同。我们将该分支称为 Phrymoideae 亚科。(2) Mazus 和 Lancea 属（沟繁缕族）一起形成一个支持良好的分支，我们将其识别为 Mazoideae 亚科。Mazoideae 作为 Phrymoideae 的姐妹支得到弱支持。我们将 Mazoideae 和 Phrymoideae 分配到重新定义的 Phrymaceae 科中。(3) 钩吻属不是单系的，因为至少有六个其他属的成员是从它内部衍生出来的。根据分子证据，很明显，Phrymaceae（约 190 种）的物种经历了两次地理上截然不同的辐射；一次在北美西部（约 130 种），另一次在澳大利亚（约 30 种）。讨论了形态进化和生物地理模式的系统发育解释。
