Lipman N S, Marini R P, Erdman S E
Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139.
Lab Anim Sci. 1990 Jul;40(4):395-8.
Parenteral anesthetic combinations such as ketamine and xylazine have become the agents of choice for anesthesia in the rabbit, because they are effective, easily administered and inexpensive. A number of recent reports have recommended including acepromazine in this combination, but a critical evaluation of this combination in the rabbit has not been reported. Five adult New Zealand white rabbits were anesthetized intramuscularly with ketamine (35 mg/kg) and xylazine (5 mg/kg) with or without acepromazine (0.75 mg/kg). The study was conducted in a double blind fashion, where each rabbit was administered both combinations at a minimum of 7 day intervals. Physiologic parameters were evaluated including heart rate, respiratory rate, central arterial blood pressure, pedal, palpebral and postural reflex activity. The duration of general anesthesia, estimated by the time elapsed between the loss and return of the palpebral reflex, was greater (means = 99 +/- 20 minutes) when acepromazine was employed in the combination compared to (means = 77 +/- 5 minutes) when ketamine/xylazine were used alone. Mean central arterial blood pressure reached a lower level when acepromazine was utilized (means = 46 +/- 8 mm/Hg) than when it was not (means = 57 +/- 12 mm/Hg.). The addition of acepromazine in a ketamine/xylazine combination resulted in a 28% longer period of anesthesia, a 19% lower mean central arterial blood pressure and a 32% longer recovery of postural reflexes. The ketamine/xylazine/acepromazine combination is a useful regimen for normovolemic animals when anesthetic duration greater than that produced by ketamine/xylazine alone is required.
诸如氯胺酮和赛拉嗪之类的非肠道麻醉合剂已成为家兔麻醉的首选药物，因为它们效果显著、易于给药且价格低廉。最近有一些报告建议在这种合剂中加入乙酰丙嗪，但尚未见对家兔使用这种合剂的批判性评估报告。五只成年新西兰白兔分别肌肉注射氯胺酮（35毫克/千克）和赛拉嗪（5毫克/千克），其中两组分别添加或不添加乙酰丙嗪（0.75毫克/千克）。研究采用双盲方式进行，每只兔子至少间隔7天接受两种合剂的注射。评估了包括心率、呼吸频率、中心动脉血压、足趾、眼睑和姿势反射活动在内的生理参数。通过眼睑反射消失和恢复之间的时间来估计全身麻醉的持续时间，与单独使用氯胺酮/赛拉嗪（平均 = 77 ± 5分钟）相比，合剂中加入乙酰丙嗪时持续时间更长（平均 = 99 ± 20分钟）。使用乙酰丙嗪时平均中心动脉血压达到较低水平（平均 = 46 ± 8毫米汞柱），而未使用时（平均 = 57 ± 12毫米汞柱）。在氯胺酮/赛拉嗪合剂中加入乙酰丙嗪会使麻醉时间延长28%，平均中心动脉血压降低19%，姿势反射恢复时间延长32%。当需要比单独使用氯胺酮/赛拉嗪产生的麻醉时间更长时，氯胺酮/赛拉嗪/乙酰丙嗪合剂对于血容量正常的动物是一种有用的方案。
