经眼部的季节性流感减毒病毒气溶胶传播及 N95 呼吸器、手术口罩和眼部防护对人类的效果。
Transocular entry of seasonal influenza-attenuated virus aerosols and the efficacy of n95 respirators, surgical masks, and eye protection in humans.
机构信息
Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Infectious Diseases, Winston-Salem, North Carolina 27157-1042, USA.
出版信息
J Infect Dis. 2011 Jul 15;204(2):193-9. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jir238.
BACKGROUND
The efficacy of barrier precautions to prevent influenza transmission is unknown.
METHODS
Twenty-eight participants were exposed to monodispersed live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) particles (4.9 μm) in 6 groups: group 1, no precautions; group 2, ocular exposure only; group 3, surgical mask without eye protection; group 4, surgical mask with eye protection; group 5, fit-tested N95 respirator without eye protection; and group 6, fit-tested N95 respirator with eye protection. Influenza was detected by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and culture in nasal washes. Exact 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated.
RESULTS
Influenza was detected in 4 of 4 participants in group 1 (95% CI, 0-.60), 3 of 4 in group 2 (95% CI, .006-.806]), 5 of 5 in group 3 (95% CI, 0-.522), 5 of 5 in group 4, (95% CI, 0-.522), 3 of 5 in group 5 (95% CI, .053-.853), and 1 of 5 in group 6 (95% CI, .05-.72). RT-PCR revealed significant differences between group 1 and all other groups except group 3.
CONCLUSIONS
Transocular transmission of LAIV occured in most participants suggesting the necessity of eye protection. An N95 respirator provided the best guard further enhanced by eye protection.
背景
屏障预防措施预防流感传播的效果尚不清楚。
方法
28 名参与者分 6 组暴露于单分散活减毒流感疫苗（LAIV）颗粒（4.9μm）：组 1，无预防措施；组 2，仅眼部暴露；组 3，无眼部保护的手术口罩；组 4，带眼部保护的手术口罩；组 5，适配的 N95 呼吸器无眼部保护；组 6，适配的 N95 呼吸器带眼部保护。通过逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）和鼻洗液培养检测流感。计算确切的 95%置信区间（CI）。
结果
组 1 中有 4 名参与者（95%CI，0-.60）、组 2 中有 3 名参与者（95%CI，.006-.806）、组 3 中有 5 名参与者（95%CI，0-.522）、组 4 中有 5 名参与者（95%CI，0-.522）、组 5 中有 3 名参与者（95%CI，.053-.853）和组 6 中有 1 名参与者（95%CI，.05-.72）检测到流感。RT-PCR 显示组 1 与除组 3 之外的所有其他组之间存在显著差异。
结论
LAIV 通过眼间传播发生在大多数参与者中，提示需要眼部保护。N95 呼吸器提供了最佳的保护，进一步通过眼部保护得到增强。
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