Lake Biwa Environmental Research Institute, Ohtsu, Shiga, Japan.
Bull Environ Contam Toxicol. 2011 Sep;87(3):307-11. doi: 10.1007/s00128-011-0335-7. Epub 2011 Jun 15.
A survey of various pesticide contaminations was performed for water in Yanamune River flowing into Lake Biwa from 1988 to 2009. Ten pesticides (diazinon and fenitrothion as insecticides, iprobenfos and isoprothiolane as fungicides and chlornitrofen, thiobencarb, molinate, bromobutide, simetryne and pretilachlor as herbicides) were selected and concentration changes of the pesticides were evaluated based on their shipment amounts. Yearly maximum concentrations of eight of the pesticides in Yanamune River water were compared with their no observed effect concentration and their predicted no effect concentration values and initial ecological risk assessment was conducted for five pesticides (diazinon, fenitrothion, iprobenfos, isoprothiolane and thiobencarb) by their predicted no effect concentration values. All of the diazinon (0.01-0.28 μg/L) and fenitrothion (0.005-0.31 μg/L) concentrations from 1988 to 2007, the iprobenfos (2.7 and 2.4 μg/L) concentrations in 1988 and 1990 and the thiobencarb (0.24-2.7 μg/L) concentrations in 1988, 1992, 1993 and 1995 exceeded their predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) (0.00026, 0.00021, 1.0 and 0.17 μg/L) values.
对 1988 年至 2009 年流入琵琶湖的矢筈川河水进行了各种农药污染调查。选择了 10 种农药（杀虫剂为二嗪磷和杀螟硫磷，杀菌剂为异丙磷和异噻菌胺，除草剂为氯硝酚、涕灭威、灭草猛、溴丁酰脲、西玛津和甲草胺），并根据其发货量评估了农药浓度的变化。将 10 种农药中 8 种在矢筈川河水中的年最大浓度与无观察效应浓度（NOEC）和预测无效应浓度（PNEC）值进行了比较，并根据预测无效应浓度值对 5 种农药（二嗪磷、杀螟硫磷、异丙磷、异噻菌胺和涕灭威）进行了初步生态风险评估。1988 年至 2007 年，所有二嗪磷（0.01-0.28μg/L）和杀螟硫磷（0.005-0.31μg/L）浓度，1988 年和 1990 年的异丙磷（2.7 和 2.4μg/L）浓度，以及 1988 年、1992 年、1993 年和 1995 年的涕灭威（0.24-2.7μg/L）浓度均超过了预测无效应浓度（PNEC）值（0.00026、0.00021、1.0 和 0.17μg/L）。
