Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
Hum Brain Mapp. 2012 Aug;33(8):1803-11. doi: 10.1002/hbm.21321. Epub 2011 Jun 14.
It has long been known that specific visual frequencies result in greater blood flow to the striate cortex. These peaks are thought to reflect synchrony of local neuronal firing that is reflective of local cortical networks. Since disrupted neural connectivity is a possible etiology for schizophrenia, our goal was to investigate whether localized connectivity, as measured by aberrant synchrony, is abnormal in children and adolescents with schizophrenia. Subjects included 25 children and adolescents with schizophrenia and 39 controls matched for age and gender. Subjects were scanned on a Siemens 3 Tesla Trio scanner while observing flashing checkerboard presented at either 1, 4, 8, or 12 Hz. Image processing included both a standard GLM model and a Fourier transform analysis. Patients had significantly smaller volume of activation in the occipital lobe compared to controls. There were no differences in the integral or percent signal change of the hemodynamic response function for each of the four frequencies. Occipital activation was stable during development between childhood and late adolescence. Finally, both patients and controls demonstrated an increased response between 4 and 8 Hz consistent with synchrony or entrainment in the neuronal response. Children and adolescents with schizophrenia had a significantly lower volume of activation in the occipital lobe in response to the flashing checkerboard task. However, features of intact local connectivity in patients, such as the hemodynamic response function and maximal response at 8 Hz, were normal. These results are consistent with abnormalities in regional connectivity with preserved local connectivity in early-onset schizophrenia.
长期以来，人们已经知道特定的视觉频率会导致纹状皮层的血流量增加。这些峰值被认为反映了局部神经元放电的同步性，反映了局部皮质网络的同步性。由于神经连接的中断是精神分裂症的一个可能病因，我们的目标是研究局部连接是否异常，即通过异常同步来测量，在患有精神分裂症的儿童和青少年中是否异常。研究对象包括 25 名患有精神分裂症的儿童和青少年以及 39 名年龄和性别匹配的对照组。在观察以 1、4、8 或 12 Hz 呈现的闪烁棋盘时，受试者在西门子 3 特斯拉 Trio 扫描仪上进行扫描。图像处理包括标准 GLM 模型和傅里叶变换分析。与对照组相比，患者的枕叶激活体积明显较小。对于四个频率中的每一个，血流动力学反应函数的积分或信号变化百分比均无差异。在从儿童期到青春期晚期的发育过程中，枕叶的激活是稳定的。最后，患者和对照组都表现出 4 到 8 Hz 之间的反应增加，这与神经元反应中的同步或同步一致。与闪烁棋盘任务相比，患有精神分裂症的儿童和青少年的枕叶激活体积明显较小。然而，患者的局部连接完整的特征，如血流动力学反应函数和 8 Hz 时的最大反应，是正常的。这些结果与早期发病的精神分裂症中区域性连接异常但局部连接正常的情况一致。
