Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada.
Environ Sci Technol. 2011 Aug 1;45(15):6268-74. doi: 10.1021/es2008215. Epub 2011 Jun 29.
There is increasing environmental concern about the volume of oil sands process-affected water (OSPW) produced by the oil sands industry in Alberta, Canada. There is limited knowledge of the toxic effects of OSPW and one of the primary organic constituents, naphthenic acids (NAs), which are thought to be one of the toxic constituents of OSPW. OSPW and NAs can have endocrine disrupting potential. The NAs in OSPW are persistent, but ozonation can significantly reduce concentrations of NA, while increasing their biodegradability, and consequently reduce OSPW toxicity. However, it is of concern that OSPW ozonation might generate hydroxylated cycloaliphatics with endocrine disrupting potential. In this study, the estrogen receptor- (ER) and androgen receptor- (AR) mediated effects of OSPW and ozone-treated OSPW were investigated in vitro by use of T47D-kbluc (estrogen responsive) and MDA-kb2 (androgen responsive) cells. Ozonation neither attenuated nor intensified the estrogenicity of OSPW. The estrogenic responses to untreated OSPW and ozone treated OSPW were 2.58(±0.22)-fold and 2.48(±0.13)-fold greater than those of controls, respectively. Exposure to untreated OSPW produced significant antiandrogenicity in the presence of 0.01, 0.05, or 0.1 nM testosterone (T), while ozone-treated OSPW produced significant antiandrogenicity in the presence of 0.01 or 0.05 nM T. Exposure to untreated and ozone-treated OSPW also caused potentiation of androgen receptor-mediated effects of T. OSPW could cause estrogenic and antiandrogenic effects through receptor mediated pathways, and ozonation can partially mitigate the OSPW antiandrogenicity as well as androgen potentiating effect, without increasing estrogen potency.
人们对加拿大阿尔伯塔省油砂开采产生的油砂加工影响水（OSPW）的数量越来越关注。目前人们对 OSPW 的毒性作用以及其主要有机成分环烷酸（NAs）的了解有限，人们认为 NAs 是 OSPW 的毒性成分之一。OSPW 和 NAs 可能具有内分泌干扰潜力。OSPW 中的 NAs 具有持久性，但臭氧氧化可以显著降低 NAs 的浓度，同时提高其可生物降解性，从而降低 OSPW 的毒性。然而，令人担忧的是，OSPW 臭氧氧化可能会生成具有内分泌干扰潜力的羟基环脂肪族化合物。在这项研究中，使用 T47D-kbluc（雌激素反应）和 MDA-kb2（雄激素反应）细胞，通过体外实验研究了 OSPW 和臭氧处理的 OSPW 对雌激素受体（ER）和雄激素受体（AR）介导的作用。臭氧氧化既没有减弱也没有增强 OSPW 的雌激素活性。未经处理的 OSPW 和臭氧处理的 OSPW 的雌激素反应分别比对照高 2.58(±0.22)-倍和 2.48(±0.13)-倍。与对照相比，暴露于未经处理的 OSPW 会在 0.01、0.05 或 0.1 nM 睾丸激素（T）存在的情况下产生显著的抗雄激素作用，而臭氧处理的 OSPW 会在 0.01 或 0.05 nM T 存在的情况下产生显著的抗雄激素作用。暴露于未经处理和臭氧处理的 OSPW 也会增强 T 介导的雄激素受体作用。OSPW 可以通过受体介导途径引起雌激素和抗雄激素作用，臭氧氧化可以部分减轻 OSPW 的抗雄激素作用以及雄激素增强作用，而不会增加雌激素的效力。
