Department of Anatomy and Program in Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143-2822.
Integr Comp Biol. 2004 Aug;44(4):269-74. doi: 10.1093/icb/44.4.269.
Recently, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has been introduced as a model system to study the molecular bases of a variety of ethanol-induced behaviors. It became immediately apparent that the behavioral changes elicited by acute ethanol exposure are remarkably similar in flies and mammals. Flies show signs of acute intoxication, which range from locomotor stimulation at low doses to complete sedation at higher doses and they develop tolerance upon intermittent ethanol exposure. Genetic screens for mutants with altered responsiveness to ethanol have been carried out and a few of the disrupted genes have been identified. This analysis, while still in its early stages, has already revealed some surprising molecular parallels with mammals. The availability of powerful tools for genetic manipulation in Drosophila, together with the high degree of conservation at the genomic level, make Drosophila a promising model organism to study the mechanism by which ethanol regulates behavior and the mechanisms underlying the organism's adaptation to long-term ethanol exposure.
最近，果蝇 Drosophila melanogaster 被引入作为研究各种乙醇诱导行为的分子基础的模型系统。显然，急性乙醇暴露引起的行为变化在果蝇和哺乳动物中非常相似。果蝇表现出急性中毒的迹象，从低剂量的运动刺激到高剂量的完全镇静，并且它们在间歇性乙醇暴露下产生耐受性。已经进行了针对对乙醇反应改变的突变体的遗传筛选，并且已经鉴定了一些被破坏的基因。尽管这项分析仍处于早期阶段，但它已经揭示了与哺乳动物惊人的分子相似性。在果蝇中使用遗传操作的强大工具的可用性，以及基因组水平上的高度保守性，使果蝇成为研究乙醇调节行为的机制以及生物体适应长期乙醇暴露的机制的有前途的模型生物。
