University of South Florida, Department of Integrative Biology, Tampa, USA.
Trends Parasitol. 2011 Sep;27(9):382-7. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2011.05.004. Epub 2011 Jun 15.
In ecology, tolerance of parasites refers to host mitigation of the fitness costs of an infection. This concept of parasite tolerance contrasts with resistance, whereby hosts reduce the intensity of an infection. Anti-inflammatory cells and molecules have been implicated as mechanisms of parasite tolerance, suggesting that a major role of tolerance is in minimizing collateral damage associated with inflammation. A framework is proposed here in which the cost-benefit outcome of an inflammatory host-response is hypothesized to be dependent on host life-history, parasite virulence, and the efficacy of a current inflammatory or anti-inflammatory response. Testable predictions, both within and among host species, are presented for this hypothesis.
在生态学中，寄生虫的耐受性是指宿主减轻感染对适应性的影响。寄生虫耐受性的这一概念与抗性形成鲜明对比，后者指宿主降低感染的强度。抗炎细胞和分子已被认为是寄生虫耐受性的机制，这表明耐受性的主要作用是将与炎症相关的附带损害降到最低。本文提出了一个框架，假设炎症宿主反应的成本效益结果取决于宿主的生活史、寄生虫的毒力以及当前炎症或抗炎反应的效果。针对这一假设，提出了在宿主种内和种间都可进行检验的预测。
