Cameron I L, Sheridan P J, Smith N R
J Neurosci Res. 1978;3(5-6):397-410. doi: 10.1002/jnr.490030511.
Adult female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into three groups and given two daily doses of: 1) morphine (25 mg/kg at each injection), or 2) methadone (5 mg/kg), or 3) saline for nine days. Two hours before the rats were killed on day 10, they were given a double dose of the drugs. Fifteen minutes before being killed, some of the morphine-treated rats were given the opiate antagonist naloxone (2.5 mg/kg), which caused a sudden arousal in these rats. At the time of killing, the preoptic-hypothalamic region was repidly removed and frozen in liquid propane to prevent translocation of elements in cells. Frozen 4-micrometer sections were cut, freeze-dried, and electron-probed in a scanning electron microscope, and energy-dispersive x-ray spectra were collected. The characteristic peak-to-continuum ratio for all detectable elements was determined in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of ependymal cells and neurons. The data from nine cells of each type in each rat brain were then subjected to one- and three-way analysis of variance. The results show significant differences in the distribution of elements (sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine, potassium, and calcium) which are dependent upon: 1) subcellular localization, 2) cell type, and particularly, 3) opiate treatment. The behavioral state produced by the opiates is correlated with the effects they have on intracellular concentration of several elements, most notably, sodium.
成年雌性斯普拉格-道利大鼠被分为三组，连续九天每天给予两次剂量的：1）吗啡（每次注射25毫克/千克），或2）美沙酮（5毫克/千克），或3）生理盐水。在第10天处死大鼠前两小时，给予它们双倍剂量的药物。在处死前15分钟，给一些接受吗啡治疗的大鼠注射阿片类拮抗剂纳洛酮（2.5毫克/千克），这导致这些大鼠突然苏醒。处死时，快速取出视前区-下丘脑区域并在液态丙烷中冷冻，以防止细胞内成分移位。切取4微米厚的冷冻切片，冷冻干燥，然后在扫描电子显微镜下进行电子探针检测，并收集能量色散X射线光谱。测定室管膜细胞和神经元的细胞核与细胞质中所有可检测元素的特征峰谷比。然后对每只大鼠大脑中每种类型的九个细胞的数据进行单因素和三因素方差分析。结果表明，元素（钠、镁、磷、硫、氯、钾和钙）的分布存在显著差异，这些差异取决于：1）亚细胞定位，2）细胞类型，尤其是3）阿片类药物治疗。阿片类药物产生的行为状态与它们对几种元素细胞内浓度的影响相关，最显著的是钠。
