Department of Biomedical Engineering and Pritzker Institute of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA.
Tissue Eng Part B Rev. 2011 Oct;17(5):321-30. doi: 10.1089/ten.TEB.2011.0230. Epub 2011 Aug 2.
As the field of tissue engineering advances, it is crucial to develop imaging methods capable of providing detailed three-dimensional information on tissue structure. X-ray imaging techniques based on phase-contrast (PC) have great potential for a number of biomedical applications due to their ability to provide information about soft tissue structure without exogenous contrast agents. X-ray PC techniques retain the excellent spatial resolution, tissue penetration, and calcified tissue contrast of conventional X-ray techniques while providing drastically improved imaging of soft tissue and biomaterials. This suggests that X-ray PC techniques are very promising for evaluation of engineered tissues. In this review, four different implementations of X-ray PC imaging are described and applications to tissues of relevance to tissue engineering reviewed. In addition, recent applications of X-ray PC to the evaluation of biomaterial scaffolds and engineered tissues are presented and areas for further development and application of these techniques are discussed. Imaging techniques based on X-ray PC have significant potential for improving our ability to image and characterize engineered tissues, and their continued development and optimization could have significant impact on the field of tissue engineering.
随着组织工程领域的发展，开发能够提供组织结构详细三维信息的成像方法至关重要。基于相位对比（PC）的 X 射线成像技术由于能够提供关于软组织结构的信息而无需外源性对比剂，因此在许多生物医学应用中具有很大的潜力。X 射线 PC 技术保留了传统 X 射线技术的出色空间分辨率、组织穿透性和钙化组织对比度，同时大大改善了软组织和生物材料的成像。这表明 X 射线 PC 技术非常有希望用于评估工程组织。在这篇综述中，描述了四种不同的 X 射线 PC 成像实现方式，并回顾了与组织工程相关的组织应用。此外，还介绍了 X 射线 PC 技术在生物材料支架和工程组织评估中的最新应用，并讨论了这些技术的进一步发展和应用领域。基于 X 射线 PC 的成像技术具有显著提高我们对工程组织成像和表征能力的潜力，它们的不断发展和优化可能对组织工程领域产生重大影响。
