RNA Editing Laboratory, Oncohaematology Department, IRCCS, Ospedale Pediatrico "Bambino Gesù", Rome, Italy.
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2012 Feb;87(1):95-110. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2011.00186.x. Epub 2011 Jun 20.
Adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs) are enzymes that convert adenosine (A) to inosine (I) in nuclear-encoded RNAs and viral RNAs. The activity of ADARs has been demonstrated to be essential in mammals and serves to fine-tune different proteins and modulate many molecular pathways. Recent findings have shown that ADAR activity is altered in many pathological tissues. Moreover, it has been shown that modulation of RNA editing is important for cell proliferation and migration, and has a protective effect on ischaemic insults. This review summarises available recent knowledge on A-to-I RNA editing and ADAR enzymes, with particular attention given to the emerging role played by these enzymes in cancer, some infectious diseases and immune-mediated disorders.
腺苷脱氨酶作用于 RNA（ADARs）是一种酶，可将核编码 RNA 和病毒 RNA 中的腺苷（A）转化为肌苷（I）。ADARs 的活性已被证明在哺乳动物中是必不可少的，有助于精细调节不同的蛋白质并调节许多分子途径。最近的研究结果表明，ADAR 活性在许多病理组织中发生改变。此外，已经表明 RNA 编辑的调节对于细胞增殖和迁移很重要，并且对缺血性损伤具有保护作用。本综述总结了关于 A 到 I RNA 编辑和 ADAR 酶的现有最新知识，特别关注这些酶在癌症、一些传染病和免疫介导的疾病中发挥的新作用。
