Rojas Feria P, Pavón Delgado A, Rosso González M, Losada Martínez A
Servicio de Neonatología, Hospital Infantil Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España.
An Pediatr (Barc). 2011 Sep;75(3):169-74. doi: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2011.04.001. Epub 2011 Jun 17.
Late preterm infants, born at 34-36(+6) weeks gestation, are physiologically more immature than term infants. As a consequence, they have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Since health outcomes in prematurity may change depending on local factors we have proposed determine the short-term medical problems of these infants in our hospital.
A retrospective observational study was carried out on all newborn ≥ 34 weeks gestation admitted to Virgen del Rocio hospital from May 2005 to December 2008. We divided this cohort into late preterm (34-36(+6) weeks, n=769) and term (37-41(+6) weeks, n=1460) groups. We compared mortality and morbidity data between the 2 groups.
Late preterm group was associated with assisted reproduction, twin pregnancy, caesarean delivery and preeclampsia during pregnancy. The risk of hospitalization was six times greater in these infants and neonatal intensive care admissions were twice as common. The hospital stay was double in this group. Neonatal respiratory morbidity and jaundice were greater in the preterm group. The use of surfactant, oxygen and respiratory support (CPAP and CMV) was also higher. There were no significant differences in hypoglycaemia and neonatal mortality between both groups.
Late preterm infants represent a well-defined risk group for developing complications and should be available the necessary resources should be made available for their special care.
晚期早产儿是指妊娠34至36（+6）周出生的婴儿，其生理上比足月儿更不成熟。因此，他们发病和死亡的风险增加。由于早产的健康结局可能因当地因素而有所不同，我们建议确定我院这些婴儿的短期医疗问题。
对2005年5月至2008年12月入住罗西奥圣母医院的所有妊娠≥34周的新生儿进行了一项回顾性观察研究。我们将该队列分为晚期早产组（34至36（+6）周，n = 769）和足月儿组（37至41（+6）周，n = 1460）。我们比较了两组之间的死亡率和发病率数据。
晚期早产组与辅助生殖、双胎妊娠、剖宫产和孕期子痫前期有关。这些婴儿住院的风险高出六倍，新生儿重症监护入院的情况则常见两倍。该组的住院时间是足月儿组的两倍。早产组的新生儿呼吸系统疾病和黄疸更为严重。表面活性剂、氧气和呼吸支持（持续气道正压通气和机械通气）的使用也更高。两组之间在低血糖和新生儿死亡率方面没有显著差异。
晚期早产儿是发生并发症的明确风险群体，应为其特殊护理提供必要的资源。
