Antunes-Lopes Tiago, Carvalho-Barros Sérgio, Cruz Célia-Duarte, Cruz Francisco, Martins-Silva Carlos
Department of Urology, Hospital de S. João, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal.
Adv Urol. 2011;2011:382431. doi: 10.1155/2011/382431. Epub 2011 May 29.
Overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) is a highly prevalent urinary dysfunction, with considerable economic and human costs. Clinical diagnosis of OAB is still based on subjective symptoms. A new accurate, objective and noninvasive test to diagnose OAB and assess therapeutic outcome is lacking. Recent studies in lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunctions, particularly in OAB patients, indicate that urinary proteins (neurotrophins, prostaglandins, and cytokines), serum C reactive protein, and detrusor wall thickness are altered, and such changes could be used as biomarkers of the disease. Nowadays, increasing emphasis has been given to the role of urinary neurotrophins, namely nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as key players in some urinary dysfunctions. Although recently considered to be a bladder dysfunction biomarker, urinary NGF presents low sensitivity and specificity. Preliminary results suggest that BDNF may serve as a more efficient biomarker. Even though we have to wait for future studies to confirm the potential role of NGF and BDNF as OAB biomarkers, it is already clear that neurotrophins will contribute to elucidate the physiopathological basis of OAB. Herein are reviewed the latest advances in this new and exciting field, the detection and clinical application of emerging OAB biomarkers.
膀胱过度活动症（OAB）是一种高度常见的排尿功能障碍，会产生可观的经济和人力成本。OAB的临床诊断仍基于主观症状。目前缺乏一种准确、客观且无创的新型检测方法来诊断OAB并评估治疗效果。近期针对下尿路（LUT）功能障碍，尤其是OAB患者的研究表明，尿蛋白（神经营养因子、前列腺素和细胞因子）、血清C反应蛋白和逼尿肌壁厚度发生了改变，这些变化可作为该疾病的生物标志物。如今，尿神经营养因子，即神经生长因子（NGF）和脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）在某些排尿功能障碍中作为关键因素的作用受到了越来越多的重视。尽管尿NGF最近被认为是膀胱功能障碍的生物标志物，但其敏感性和特异性较低。初步结果表明，BDNF可能是一种更有效的生物标志物。尽管我们必须等待未来的研究来证实NGF和BDNF作为OAB生物标志物的潜在作用，但很明显神经营养因子将有助于阐明OAB的生理病理基础。本文综述了这个新的、令人兴奋的领域的最新进展，即新兴OAB生物标志物的检测及临床应用。
