Man-Society-Environment, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Vesalgasse 1, 4051 Basel, Switzerland.
Environ Toxicol. 2013 May;28(5):276-89. doi: 10.1002/tox.20718. Epub 2011 Jun 21.
Zearalenone (ZON) is one of the worldwide most common mycotoxin and exhibits estrogenic activity in the range of natural steroid estrogens. The occurrence of ZON has been reported in soil, drainage water, wastewater effluents, and rivers, but its ecotoxicological effects on fish have hardly been investigated. The consequences of continuous long-term ZON exposure, including a subsequent depuration period, as well as transgenerational effects of F0 short-term exposure on F1 generation were investigated. Effects on growth, reproduction activity, physiology, and morphology of zebrafish (Danio rerio) were examined in a 182 day live-cycle experiment. Life-long exposure to ZON for 140 days increased wet weight, body length, and condition factor of female fish at 1000 ng/L, and sex ratio was shifted toward female from 320 ng/L ZON. Only females at 1000 ng/L ZON revealed a 1.5-fold induction of plasma vitellogenin (VTG). Relative fecundity at 1000 ng/L recovered significantly during the depuration period. An increased condition factor in adult female F1 fish implies that exposure of F0 generation to 1000 ng/L ZON affected growth of F1 generation. A negative correlation between relative fecundity in the F1 generation (all groups exposed to 320 ng/L ZON) and the nominal ZON concentrations of the F0 exposure might indicate an influence of F0 exposure on reproductive performance of F1 generation. No exposure scenario affected fertility, hatch, embryo survival, and gonad morphology of zebrafish. Evaluating the environmental relevance of this data, the risk for fish to be harmed by exposure to ZON solely seems rather marginal, but ZON might contribute to the overall estrogenicity in the environment. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 2013.
玉米赤霉烯酮（ZON）是世界范围内最常见的霉菌毒素之一，其雌激素活性与天然甾体雌激素相当。ZON 已在土壤、排水水、废水和河流中被发现，但对鱼类的生态毒理学影响几乎没有被研究过。本研究调查了连续长期暴露 ZON 的后果，包括随后的净化期，以及 F0 短期暴露对 F1 代的跨代效应。在为期 182 天的生命周期实验中，研究了 ZON 对斑马鱼（Danio rerio）生长、繁殖活动、生理和形态的影响。140 天的终生暴露于 1000ng/L 的 ZON 增加了雌鱼的湿重、体长和条件系数，而 320ng/L 的 ZON 使性比向雌性倾斜。只有 1000ng/L ZON 的雌性鱼表现出血浆卵黄蛋白原（VTG）的 1.5 倍诱导。在净化期，1000ng/L 的相对繁殖力显著恢复。成年雌鱼 F1 鱼的条件系数增加表明，F0 代暴露于 1000ng/L 的 ZON 影响了 F1 代的生长。F1 代（所有暴露于 320ng/L ZON 的组）的相对繁殖力与 F0 代暴露的 ZON 浓度呈负相关，这可能表明 F0 代暴露对 F1 代的繁殖性能有影响。没有暴露情景影响斑马鱼的生育能力、孵化、胚胎存活率和性腺形态。评估这些数据的环境相关性，鱼类仅因暴露于 ZON 而受到伤害的风险似乎相当低，但 ZON 可能会增加环境中的雌激素含量。©2011 年 Wiley 期刊，环境毒理学 2013 年。
