Department of Paediatrics, Nutrition and Metabolism Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
J Am Coll Nutr. 2011 Feb;30(1):73-8. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2011.10719946.
To determine the intake distribution and food sources of sodium among young children.
Dietary intake was determined for 190 children, 16 months to 6 years of age, using a food frequency questionnaire completed by interviewing a parent. Dietary intake of all nutrients, including dietary sodium, was analyzed. The major food sources of sodium were assessed by grouping foods into categories based on Canada's Food Guide, with subsequent subdivision into food type categories.
Dietary sodium intakes were skewed, with a median intake of 2021 mg/d and 5th-95th percentile range of 888-3975 mg/d. The sodium intake of 91.6% of children was above the recommended 1000 or 1200 mg/d for children 1-3 or 3-6 years, respectively, and 85% and 54% had intakes above the tolerable upper limits of 1500 and 1900 mg/d, respectively. The 5 food sources providing the highest amount of sodium were soups, processed/fast foods, dairy products, breads, and processed meats.
Children are vulnerable to high sodium intake as a result of their food patterns and the high sodium content of these foods. This report demonstrates that Canadian children have high sodium intakes. Knowledge of feeding practices involving high-sodium foods can assist parents and caregivers in reducing the high sodium intake of young children.
确定幼儿钠的摄入量分布和食物来源。
通过对 190 名 16 个月至 6 岁儿童的家长进行访谈，使用食物频率问卷来确定儿童的饮食摄入量。对所有营养物质（包括膳食钠）的饮食摄入量进行分析。根据加拿大食品指南，将食物分为几类，然后进一步细分为食物类型类别，评估钠的主要食物来源。
饮食钠摄入量呈偏态分布，中位数为 2021mg/d，第 5 百分位数到第 95 百分位数范围为 888-3975mg/d。91.6%的儿童的钠摄入量高于分别为 1-3 岁和 3-6 岁儿童推荐的 1000 或 1200mg/d，85%和 54%的儿童钠摄入量分别高于 1500mg/d 和 1900mg/d 的可耐受上限。提供最高钠量的 5 种食物来源是汤、加工/快餐食品、乳制品、面包和加工肉类。
由于儿童的饮食模式和这些食物的高钠含量，儿童容易摄入高钠。本报告表明加拿大儿童的钠摄入量较高。了解涉及高钠食物的喂养习惯可以帮助家长和照顾者减少幼儿的高钠摄入量。
