Geue Kristina, Buttstädt Marianne, Singer Susanne, Kleinert Evelyn, Richter Robert, Götze Heide, Böhler Ursula, Becker Cornelia, Brähler Elmar
Selbständige Abteilung für Medizinische Psychologie und Medizinische Soziologie, Universität Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 55, Leipzig, Germany.
Forsch Komplementmed. 2011;18(3):127-33. doi: 10.1159/000328222. Epub 2011 May 11.
Art therapy is used in the whole field of psycho-oncological maintenance to support coping mechanisms with creative techniques. Previous studies stated effects of art therapy just by referring to the participants' ratings. This study wants to extend the perspective by including the views of all involved parties--participating patients, dropouts, art therapist and supervisor.
We developed and tested an art therapy programme for cancer patients. The participants' and dropouts' ratings were documented by using a questionnaire with open and closed questions upon completion of the intervention. The art therapist and the supervisor described their personal point of view.
74 patients took part in the intervention whereof 18 dropped out. Of these, 8 could be interviewed regarding the reasons for not participating further in the study. The dropouts evaluated the intervention positively(4/8) or could not make a final statement (3/8). 55 questionnaires were available from the 56 participants. They described the importance of the programme in several ways. Most of all, they reported of: stimulation of imagination (50/55), emotional stabilisation(48/55), enlargement of means of expression (45/55) and contact with other patients (42/55). The dropouts named several reasons for their decision to cancel: too intense focus on the disease(N = 3), modern drawing (N = 1), too much talks (N = 1) and too much sketching (N = 1) were some points of criticism. The art therapist as well as the supervisor emphasized activation as a main outcome for the participants.
Positive effects of the intervention programme highlight the importance of establishing an art therapy in ambulant care. It enlarges the range of psychosocial maintenance and enables oncological patients to cope with the disease and its consequences with artistic means.
艺术疗法应用于心理肿瘤学护理的各个领域，通过创造性技术来支持应对机制。以往研究仅依据参与者的评分来阐述艺术疗法的效果。本研究希望通过纳入所有相关方——参与的患者、退出者、艺术治疗师和督导员的观点来拓展视角。
我们为癌症患者制定并测试了一项艺术疗法方案。干预结束后，通过一份包含开放式和封闭式问题的问卷记录参与者和退出者的评分。艺术治疗师和督导员描述了他们的个人观点。
74名患者参与了干预，其中18名退出。在这些退出者中，8名能够就不再继续参与研究的原因接受访谈。退出者对干预给予了积极评价（4/8），或者无法给出最终评价（3/8）。56名参与者中有55份问卷可用。他们从多个方面描述了该方案的重要性。最重要的是，他们提到了：激发想象力（50/55）、情绪稳定（48/55）、扩大表达方式（45/55）以及与其他患者的交流（42/55）。退出者列举了他们决定退出的几个原因：过于关注疾病（N = 3）、现代绘画（N = 1）、过多交谈（N = 1）以及过多素描（N = 1）是一些批评点。艺术治疗师和督导员都强调参与者的积极性是主要成果。
干预方案的积极效果凸显了在门诊护理中开展艺术疗法的重要性。它拓宽了心理社会护理的范围，使肿瘤患者能够通过艺术手段应对疾病及其后果。
