[Peritonitis due to post-myomectomy Mycoplasma hominis infection].

A 36-year-old woman undergoing a myomectomy developed postoperative surgical-saite peritonitis and hematoma. Eight days postoperatively, she developed a 38 degrees C-plus fever and accumulated ascites, with fever unchanged despite antimicrobial beta-lactams therapy. Following transvaginal ascitic drainage, her fever disappeared. Recurrent 38 degrees C fever and inflammation were cured by clindamycin of 1.2 g/day. M. hominis detected from ascites drainage was considered the primary causative organism. Nongenito-urinary M. hominis infection is often difficult to detect, as in our case. Gram staining, for example, is not useful in ascertaining small organisms such as Mycoplasma spp. having no cell walls to stain. M. hominis grows slowly, requiring over three days to form colonies on blood agar plates, requiring time to identify pathogens. We report case showing the importance of suspecting M. hominis of causing gynecological surgical-site infection. When common bacterial pathogen cultures remain negative and when empiric beta-lactam antibiotic treatment is ineffective, M. hominis should be suspected. In conclusion, M. hominis should be considered a causative following myomectomy resection.