Self-incompatibility RNases from three plant families: homology or convergence?

In the Rosaceae, Scrophulariaceae, and Solanaceae, the stylar product of the self-incompatibility (S-) locus is an RNase. Using protein sequence data from 34 RNase genes (three fungal RNases, seven angiosperm non-S RNases, 11 Rosaceae S-alleles, three Scrophulariaceae S-alleles, and ten Solanaceae S-alleles) we reconstructed the genealogy of angiosperm RNases using the neighbor joining method and two distance metrics in order to assess whether use of S-RNases in these families is the result of homology or convergence. Four monophyletic groups of angiosperm RNases were found: the S-RNases of each of the three families and a group comprising most of the angiosperm non-S RNases. The S-RNases of the Scrophulariaceae and Solanaceae were found to be homologous but strong inference concerning the homology or convergence of S-RNases from the Rosaceae with those of the other families was not possible because of uncertain placement of both the root and two of the angiosperm non-S RNases. The most recent common ancestor of the Rosaceae and both the Scrophulariaceae and Solanaceae is shared by ~80% of dicot families. If the -RNases of the Rosaceae are homologous to those of the Scrophulariaceae and Solanaceae, then many other dicot families might be expected to share RNases as the mechanism of gametophytic self-incompatibility.