Spyrou L A, Aravas N
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Thessaly, Volos 38334, Greece.
Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin. 2012;15(9):925-34. doi: 10.1080/10255842.2011.566564. Epub 2011 Jun 29.
This paper describes a finite element scheme for realistic muscle-driven simulation of human foot movements. The scheme is used to simulate human ankle plantar flexion. A three-dimensional anatomically detailed finite element model of human foot and lower leg is developed and the idea of generating natural foot movement based entirely on the contraction of the plantar flexor muscles is used. The bones, ligaments, articular cartilage, muscles, tendons, as well as the rest soft tissues of human foot and lower leg are included in the model. A realistic three-dimensional continuum constitutive model that describes the biomechanical behaviour of muscles and tendons is used. Both the active and passive properties of muscle tissue are accounted for. The materials for bones and ligaments are considered as homogeneous, isotropic and linearly elastic, whereas the articular cartilage and the rest soft tissues (mainly fat) are defined as hyperelastic materials. The model is used to estimate muscle tissue deformations as well as stresses and strains that develop in the lower leg muscles during plantar flexion of the ankle. Stresses and strains that develop in Achilles tendon during such a movement are also investigated.
本文描述了一种用于逼真模拟人体足部肌肉驱动运动的有限元方案。该方案用于模拟人体踝关节跖屈。建立了一个人体足部和小腿的三维解剖详细有限元模型，并采用了完全基于跖屈肌收缩来产生自然足部运动的理念。该模型包括人体足部和小腿的骨骼、韧带、关节软骨、肌肉、肌腱以及其余软组织。使用了一个逼真的三维连续体本构模型来描述肌肉和肌腱的生物力学行为。肌肉组织的主动和被动特性均被考虑在内。骨骼和韧带的材料被视为均匀、各向同性且线性弹性的，而关节软骨和其余软组织（主要是脂肪）被定义为超弹性材料。该模型用于估计肌肉组织变形以及在踝关节跖屈过程中小腿肌肉中产生的应力和应变。还研究了在此类运动过程中跟腱中产生的应力和应变。
