Oral and Pharyngeal Cancer Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol. 2011;27:213-35. doi: 10.1146/annurev-cellbio-092910-154247. Epub 2011 Jun 29.
Analysis of vertebrate genome sequences at the turn of the millennium revealed that a vastly larger repertoire of enzymes execute proteolytic cleavage reactions within the pericellular and extracellular environments than was anticipated from biochemical and molecular analysis. Most unexpected was the unveiling of an entire new family of structurally unique multidomain serine proteases that are anchored directly to the plasma membrane. Unlike secreted serine proteases, which function primarily in tissue repair, immunity, and nutrient uptake, these membrane-anchored serine proteases regulate fundamental cellular and developmental processes, including tissue morphogenesis, epithelial barrier function, ion and water transport, cellular iron export, and fertilization. Here the cellular and developmental biology of this fascinating new group of proteases is reviewed. Particularly highlighted is how the study of membrane-anchored serine proteases has expanded our knowledge of the range of physiological processes that require regulated proteolysis at the cell surface.
在千年之交对脊椎动物基因组序列进行分析后发现，细胞周围和细胞外环境中执行蛋白水解切割反应的酶的种类远远超过了生化和分子分析的预期。最令人意外的是，揭示了一整类结构独特的新型多结构域丝氨酸蛋白酶，它们直接锚定在质膜上。与主要在组织修复、免疫和营养吸收中发挥作用的分泌型丝氨酸蛋白酶不同，这些膜结合的丝氨酸蛋白酶调节基本的细胞和发育过程，包括组织形态发生、上皮屏障功能、离子和水转运、细胞铁输出和受精。本文综述了这组引人入胜的新型蛋白酶的细胞和发育生物学。特别强调的是，研究膜结合的丝氨酸蛋白酶如何扩展了我们对需要在细胞表面进行调控蛋白水解的生理过程范围的认识。
