Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Cheng Shiu University, 840, Chengching Road, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan, ROC.
Chemosphere. 2011 Aug;84(7):936-42. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.06.008. Epub 2011 Jul 1.
In this study, ambient air samples from different atmospheric environments were examined for both PBDE and PCDD/F characteristics to verify that combustion is a significant PBDE emission source. The mean ± SD atmospheric PBDE concentrations were 165 ± 65.0 pg Nm(-3) in the heavy steel complex area and 93.9 ± 24.5 pg Nm(-3) in the metals complex areas, 4.7 and 2.7 times higher than that (35.3 ± 15.5 pg Nm(-3)) in the urban areas, respectively. The statistically high correlation (r=0.871, p<0.001) found between the atmospheric PBDE and PCDD/F concentrations reveals that the combustion sources are the most likely PBDE emission sources. Correspondence analysis shows the atmospheric PBDEs of the heavy steel and metals complex areas are associated with BDE-209, -203, -207, -208, indicative of combustion source contributions. Furthermore, the PBDEs in urban ambient air experience the influence of the evaporative releases of the commercial penta- and octa-BDE mixtures, as well as combustion source emissions. By comparing the PBDE homologues of indoor air, urban ambient air, and stack flue gases of combustion sources, we found that the lighter brominated PBDEs in urban ambient air were contributed by the indoor air, while their highly brominated ones were from the combustion sources, such as vehicles. The developed source identification measure can be used to clarify possible PBDE sources not only for Taiwanese atmosphere but also for other environmental media in other countries associated with various emission sources in the future.
在这项研究中，我们对来自不同大气环境的环境空气样本进行了多溴二苯醚 (PBDE) 和多氯二苯并对二恶英/呋喃 (PCDD/F) 的特征分析，以验证燃烧是 PBDE 的重要排放源。重工业综合体区域大气 PBDE 的平均值±标准差浓度为 165±65.0 pg Nm(-3)，而金属综合体区域大气 PBDE 的平均值±标准差浓度为 93.9±24.5 pg Nm(-3)，分别比城区大气 PBDE 浓度（35.3±15.5 pg Nm(-3))高 4.7 倍和 2.7 倍。大气 PBDE 和 PCDD/F 浓度之间发现的高度统计学相关性(r=0.871，p<0.001)表明，燃烧源是最有可能的 PBDE 排放源。对应分析表明，重工业和金属综合体区域的大气 PBDE 与 BDE-209、-203、-207、-208 有关，表明燃烧源的贡献。此外，城区环境空气中的 PBDE 受到商用五溴和八溴混合物的蒸发释放以及燃烧源排放的影响。通过比较室内空气、城区环境空气和燃烧源烟道气中的 PBDE 同系物，我们发现城区环境空气中较轻的溴化 PBDE 是由室内空气贡献的，而高度溴化的 PBDE 则来自燃烧源，如车辆。该开发的源识别措施不仅可用于阐明台湾大气中可能的 PBDE 源，还可用于阐明未来与各种排放源相关的其他国家/地区的其他环境介质中的可能 PBDE 源。
