Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
Semin Immunol. 2011 Aug;23(4):264-72. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2011.06.006. Epub 2011 Jul 1.
The vertebrate innate immune system consists of inflammatory cells and soluble mediators that comprise the first line of defense against microbial infection and, importantly, trigger antigen-specific T and B cell responses that lead to lasting immunity. The molecular mechanisms responsible for microbial non-self recognition by the innate immune system have been elucidated for a large number of pathogens. How the innate immune system recognizes non-microbial non-self, such as organ transplants, is less clear. In this review, we approach this question by describing the principal mechanisms of non-self, or 'damaged' self, recognition by the innate immune system (pattern recognition receptors, the missing self theory, and the danger hypothesis) and discussing whether and how these mechanisms apply to allograft rejection.
脊椎动物先天免疫系统由炎症细胞和可溶性介质组成，是抵御微生物感染的第一道防线，重要的是，它还能触发针对抗原的 T 和 B 细胞反应，从而产生持久的免疫力。先天免疫系统识别微生物非自身的分子机制已在大量病原体中阐明。先天免疫系统如何识别非微生物非自身，如器官移植，目前还不太清楚。在这篇综述中，我们通过描述先天免疫系统识别非自身或“受损”自身的主要机制（模式识别受体、缺失自我理论和危险假说）来探讨这个问题，并讨论这些机制是否以及如何适用于同种异体移植排斥反应。
