Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Radiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Int Psychogeriatr. 2011 Sep;23 Suppl 2:S13-24. doi: 10.1017/S1041610211000913.
Clinical neuroimaging is increasingly being used in the diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and has become one of the most important paraclinical tools in the diagnosis of dementia. According to current guidelines, neuroimaging, preferably magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), should be performed at least once during the diagnostic work-up of patients with suspected or definite dementia. MRI is helpful in identifying or excluding potentially treatable causes of dementia; however, these account only for a small proportion of dementias. In addition, MRI is able to support the clinical diagnosis in a memory clinic setting by identifying certain patterns of atrophy and vascular damage. Visual rating scales are well-established methods in the clinical routine for the assessment and quantification of regional/global cortical atrophy, hippocampal atrophy and vascular damage. In addition, MRI is able to detect certain aspects of pathology associated with dementia, such as cerebral microbleeds which are related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer pathology. This review paper aims to give an overview of the application of structural MRI in the diagnostic procedure for memory clinic patients in terms of excluding and supporting the diagnosis of various diseases associated with dementia.
临床神经影像学越来越多地用于神经退行性疾病的诊断，已成为痴呆症诊断中最重要的辅助临床工具之一。根据目前的指南，在疑似或明确痴呆症患者的诊断过程中，应至少进行一次神经影像学检查，最好是磁共振成像（MRI）。MRI 有助于识别或排除潜在可治疗的痴呆症病因；然而，这些病因仅占痴呆症的一小部分。此外，MRI 还能够通过识别特定的萎缩和血管损伤模式，在记忆诊所环境中支持临床诊断。视觉评分量表是临床常规中用于评估和量化区域性/全脑皮质萎缩、海马体萎缩和血管损伤的成熟方法。此外，MRI 还能够检测与痴呆症相关的某些病理方面，如与脑淀粉样血管病和阿尔茨海默病病理相关的脑微出血。本文旨在概述结构性 MRI 在记忆诊所患者诊断程序中的应用，以排除和支持与痴呆症相关的各种疾病的诊断。
