Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, UK.
Br J Nutr. 2012 Feb;107(4):510-22. doi: 10.1017/S0007114511003175. Epub 2011 Jul 5.
Both high and low maternal dietary intakes adversely affect fetal nutrient supply in adolescent sheep pregnancies. Aims were: (a) to assess the impact of prenatal nutrition on pregnancy outcome, offspring growth and offspring glucose metabolism and (b) to determine whether the offspring metabolic phenotype could then be altered by modifying postnatal nutrition. Dams carrying a single fetus were offered either an optimal control (C) intake to maintain adiposity throughout pregnancy, undernourished to maintain weight at conception but deplete maternal reserves (UN), or overnourished to promote rapid maternal growth and adiposity (ON). Placental weight and gestation length were reduced in ON dams and lamb birth weights were C>UN>ON (P < 0·001). All offspring were fed ad libitum from weaning to 6 months of age. ON offspring exhibited rapid catch-up growth and had increased fasting glucose and relative glucose intolerance compared with C offspring (P < 0·05). Irrespective of prenatal diet and sex, birth weight correlated negatively with these indices of glucose metabolism. From 7 to 12 months offspring either had continued ad libitum diet (ADLIB; to induce an obesogenic state) or a decreased ration appropriate for normal growth (NORM). At 12 months, the negative relationship between birth weight and indices of glucose metabolism persisted in ADLIB females (for example, fasting glucose, r - 0·632; P < 0·03) but was absent in NORM females and in both male groups. Therefore, low-birth-weight offspring from differentially achieved prenatal malnutrition exhibit an early adverse metabolic phenotype, and this can apparently be ameliorated by postnatal nutrition in females but not in males.
无论是高还是低的母体膳食摄入都会对青少年绵羊妊娠中的胎儿营养供应产生不利影响。目的是：（a）评估产前营养对妊娠结局、后代生长和后代葡萄糖代谢的影响；（b）确定随后通过改变产后营养是否可以改变后代的代谢表型。携带单个胎儿的母羊分别提供了最佳控制（C）饮食以维持整个孕期的肥胖，营养不足以维持受孕时的体重但耗尽母体储备（UN），或营养过度以促进母体快速生长和肥胖（ON）。ON 组母羊的胎盘重量和妊娠期缩短，羔羊出生体重为 C>UN>ON（P<0·001）。所有后代从断奶到 6 月龄均自由采食。ON 后代表现出快速追赶生长，空腹血糖和相对葡萄糖耐量增加，与 C 后代相比（P<0·05）。无论产前饮食和性别如何，出生体重与这些葡萄糖代谢指标呈负相关。从 7 到 12 个月，后代要么继续自由采食（ADLIB；诱导肥胖状态），要么减少适合正常生长的饮食（NORM）。12 个月时，ADLIB 雌性后代的出生体重与葡萄糖代谢指标之间的负相关关系仍然存在（例如，空腹血糖，r-0·632；P<0·03），但在 NORM 雌性和雄性两组中均不存在。因此，来自不同程度实现的产前营养不良的低出生体重后代表现出早期不良的代谢表型，这种表型显然可以通过产后营养在雌性后代中得到改善，但在雄性后代中不能得到改善。
