Sakurai Shigeo, Hayama Daichi, Suzuki Takashi, Kurazumi Tomoe, Hagiwara Toshihiko, Suzuki Miyuki, Ohuchi Akiko, Chizuko Oikawa
Institute of Psychology, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan.
Shinrigaku Kenkyu. 2011 Jun;82(2):123-31. doi: 10.4992/jjpsy.82.123.
The purposes of this study were to develop and validate the Empathic-Affective Response Scale, and to examine the relationship of empathic-affective responses with prosocial behaviors and aggressive behaviors. Undergraduate students (N = 443) participated in a questionnaire study. The results of factor analysis indicated that empathic-affective responses involved three factors: (a) sharing and good feeling toward others' positive affect, (b) sharing of negative affect and (c) sympathy toward others' negative affect. Correlations with other empathy-related scales and internal consistency suggested that this scale has satisfactory validity and reliability. Cluster analysis revealed that participants were clustered into four groups: high-empathic group, low-empathic group, insufficient positive affective response group and insufficient negative affective response group. Additional analysis showed the frequency of prosocial behaviors in high-empathic group was highest in all groups. On the other hand, the frequency of aggressive behaviors in both insufficient positive affective response group and low-empathic group were higher than others' groups. The results indicated that empathic-affective responses toward positive affect are also very important to predict prosocial behaviors and aggressive behaviors.
本研究的目的是开发并验证共情情感反应量表，并检验共情情感反应与亲社会行为和攻击行为之间的关系。本科生（N = 443）参与了一项问卷调查研究。因素分析结果表明，共情情感反应涉及三个因素：（a）对他人积极情绪的分享与好感，（b）消极情绪的分享，以及（c）对他人消极情绪的同情。与其他共情相关量表的相关性及内部一致性表明该量表具有令人满意的效度和信度。聚类分析显示，参与者被分为四组：高共情组、低共情组、积极情感反应不足组和消极情感反应不足组。进一步分析表明，高共情组的亲社会行为频率在所有组中最高。另一方面，积极情感反应不足组和低共情组的攻击行为频率均高于其他组。结果表明，对积极情绪的共情情感反应对于预测亲社会行为和攻击行为也非常重要。
