Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Takestan Branch, Qazvin, Iran.
J Econ Entomol. 2011 Jun;104(3):799-805. doi: 10.1603/EC10144.
Environmental variables such as temperature are important factors that affect the efficiency of biological control agents. This study examined the effect of temperature on the sex ratio, longevity, oviposition periods, fecundity and life table parameters of the predatory thrips Scolothrips longicornis Priesner (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) fed on twospotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae), at six constant temperatures: 15, 20, 26, 30, 35, and 37 degrees C. Approximately 75% of the progeny were female, except at 37 degrees C, at which temperature the proportion of males increased. Adult longevity as well as the preoviposition, oviposition, and postoviposition periods decreased significantly with temperature. Thus, adults lived for approximately 5 wk at 15 degrees C and < 1 wk at 37 degrees C with preoviposition, oviposition, and postoviposition periods ranging from 6.4 to 0.4, 24.4-3.1, and 7-0.8 d between the two temperature extremes, respectively. The maximum (56.48 eggs) and minimum (11.69 eggs) value of total fecundity was recorded at 26 and 37 degrees C, respectively. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r(m)) of S. longicornis increased linearly with increasing temperature from 0.056 d(-1) at 15 degrees C to 0.310 d(-1) at 35 degrees C. The lower temperature threshold for the population increase of S. longicornis was estimated to be around 5 degrees C. The data suggest that the upper temperature threshold for the predatory thrips is approximately 37 degrees C. The results showed that populations of S. longicornis are able to develop at a broad range of temperatures and that this predator is well adapted to the high temperatures that occur in the Mediterranean region.
环境变量，如温度，是影响生物防治剂效率的重要因素。本研究探讨了温度对捕食性蓟马 Scolothrips longicornis Priesner（缨翅目：蓟马科）性别比例、寿命、产卵期、产卵量和生命表参数的影响，该蓟马以二斑叶螨 Tetranychus urticae Koch（蜱螨目：叶螨科）为食，实验在六个恒温下进行：15、20、26、30、35 和 37°C。除 37°C 外，约 75%的后代为雌性，而在 37°C 时雄性比例增加。成虫寿命以及产卵前期、产卵期和产卵后期随着温度的升高而显著降低。因此，在 15°C 时成虫大约存活 5 周，而在 37°C 时存活不到 1 周，在两个极端温度下，产卵前期、产卵期和产卵后期分别为 6.4-0.4、24.4-3.1 和 7-0.8 天。总产卵量的最大值（56.48 个卵）和最小值（11.69 个卵）分别记录在 26 和 37°C。S. longicornis 的内禀增长率（r(m)）随温度线性增加，从 15°C 时的 0.056 d(-1)增加到 35°C 时的 0.310 d(-1)。S. longicornis 种群增长的低温阈值估计在 5°C 左右。数据表明，捕食性蓟马的高温阈值约为 37°C。结果表明，S. longicornis 种群能够在较宽的温度范围内发育，并且这种捕食者很好地适应了地中海地区发生的高温。
