Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology, National Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson Street, Room K624, Denver, CO 80206, USA.
Immunol Allergy Clin North Am. 2011 Aug;31(3):509-43. doi: 10.1016/j.iac.2011.05.003.
Antihistamines have long been a mainstay in the therapy for allergic rhinitis. Many different oral antihistamines are available for use, and they are classified as first generation or second generation based on their pharmacologic properties and side-effect profiles. The recent introduction of intranasal antihistamines has further expanded the role of antihistamines in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Certain patient populations, such as children and pregnant or lactating women, require special consideration regarding antihistamine choice and dosing as part of rhinitis therapy.
抗组胺药长期以来一直是治疗过敏性鼻炎的主要药物。有许多不同的口服抗组胺药可供使用，根据其药理特性和副作用特征，它们被分为第一代或第二代。最近引入的鼻内抗组胺药进一步扩大了抗组胺药在过敏性鼻炎治疗中的作用。某些患者群体，如儿童、孕妇或哺乳期妇女，在选择和剂量方面需要特别考虑抗组胺药，作为鼻炎治疗的一部分。
