Otte Ellen, Jost Kerstin, Habel Ute, Koch Iring
Institute of Psychology I, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2011 Sep;138(1):187-92. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2011.06.003. Epub 2011 Jul 7.
Using a dual-task methodology we examined the interaction of perceiving and producing facial expressions. In one task, participants were asked to produce a smile or a frown (Task 2) in response to a tone stimulus. This auditory-facial task was embedded in a dual-task context, where the other task (Task 1) required a manual response to visual face stimuli (visual-manual task). These face stimuli showed facial expressions that were either compatible or incompatible to the to-be-produced facial expression. Both reaction times and error rates (measured by facial electromyography) revealed a robust stimulus-response compatibility effect across tasks, suggesting that perceived social actions automatically activate corresponding actions even if perceived and produced actions belong to different tasks. The dual-task nature of this compatibility effect further testifies that encoding of facial expressions is highly automatic.
我们采用双任务方法研究了面部表情感知与产生之间的相互作用。在一项任务中，要求参与者根据音调刺激做出微笑或皱眉的表情（任务2）。这个听觉-面部任务被嵌入到一个双任务情境中，另一项任务（任务1）要求对视觉面部刺激做出手动反应（视觉-手动任务）。这些面部刺激所展示的面部表情与要产生的面部表情要么相符，要么不相符。反应时间和错误率（通过面部肌电图测量）均显示，跨任务存在强大的刺激-反应兼容性效应，这表明即使感知到的和产生的动作属于不同任务，感知到的社会动作也会自动激活相应动作。这种兼容性效应的双任务性质进一步证明，面部表情的编码是高度自动的。
